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OUTLINES OF U.S. HISTORY: 



A HAND BOOK OF READY REFERENCE 



STUDENTS, GENERAL READERS AND TEACHERS. 



> 



By Rf Heber Holbrook, 

Vice-President, National Normal University," Lebanon, O. 

Author of " The New Method ; or, School Expositions," " Outlines of New Test** 
ment," " Hand Book of Experiments in Natural Philosophy," etc. 



LEBANON, O. 

C. K. HAMILTON & CO. 

1888. 



Miss 



Copyright, 

1879. 

Bv R. Heber Holbrook. 




TO TEACHERS. 



This book is intended to supplement, not to displace texts in use. 
It will be most useful as a manual of reference for the teacher. The 
headings of the outline, with their enents and without the dates should 
be placed upon the board. The pupils will copy neatly, find out the 
dates, and learn something of the events from their own texts. 
Dates which they can not find will be supplied by the teachers from 
the " Outlines." 

In this manner more or less of the Outlines may be studied, but the 
teacher should manage to include the whole time of U. S. History in 
fhe course, omitting sufficient to bring the. work within the time af- 
forded for the study. 

The Outlines should not be committed to memory. Many dates 
should be permanently learned. This should be accomplished by 
drilling, rather than by study. 

The " Drill-Lists," published separately,* suggests the material 
for such work and gives special methods of teaching. 

The whole study may be along these Drill-Lists, the Outlines being 
used to locate and co-ordinate the events selected with the others not 
specially drilled upon. 

For this purpose it will be found very useful to every pupil in the 
class. 



* Price 25c. Address C. K. Hamilton & Co., Lebanon, O. 



/ 
/ 



PREFACE. 



When reading an extensive history, it is often a great help to be 
able to view the particular events in their general relations. As, 
when traveling in a city, for instance, one appreciates much better 
the location and importance of a particular structure by going to its 
top and obtaining a bird's eye view of its surroundings, so, when 
down in the details of an important event of history, it broadens, 
corrects and helps to fix on the memory, the character and time of 
that event, to refer to a clear outline of the whole history. 

These Outlines are intended for this purpose solely. They are 
not to be memorized; they are to help the intelligence, and thus 
to aid the memory. 

They are the class-work of a teacher who earnestly desired to 
free the delightful subject of history from the deadness of chrono- 
logical memorizing. They were first presented and tested nearly 
ten years ago. Hundreds of my pupils have them in their earlier 
form in manuscript. With succeeding years, and continued investi- 
gation and practical testing, they have at last reached their pres- 
ent form. 

Jl.ny the hope that they will be useful not be vain, is the only 
wish of R. HEBER HOLBROOK. 

National Normal University, 

Lebanon, 0., September i, j88o. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY OUTLINES 



CHAPTER I. 

THE THREE GREAT ERAS AND NINE GREAT PERIODS. 

Nowhere in the records of all time is the "evolution of history" sc 
manifest as in the annals of the rise and progress of the United States. 

This is due to the fact that the records are complete. There is no 
other instance of a nation being born and growing to manly stature in 
the broad daylight of civilization. 

There is, therefore, no history which presents so c»mpletely the 
whole, and so distinctly the parts, of the growth of a nation as the his- 
tory of our own United States. 

First Era — Preparation. 

Viewing our nation, as a whole, it exhibits three great and simple 
phases, each of which is naturally viewed in three developmental as- 
pects. That out of which the nation was to be formed had to be 
placed, accumulated, and concentrated. The 

First Period. Explorations. 

A place for the nation had to be found. The old Continent was not 
broad enough. 

While the Scandinavians undoubtedly discovered the New World. 
their failure to appropriate ic makes their discovery a matter of slight 
importance, and only throws into bolder relief the grande-ur of the 
enterprise of Columbus, and fixes upon him the glory of finding a 
Trow Jrw for a nation. 

It is remarkable that while it took a whole century to place upon 
the discovered Continent two Colonies, it required only two more cen- 
turies for those Colonies to grow to a ''peer among nations." 

This period naturally closes with the foanding of the first permanent 
English settlement at Jamestown, 1607. 



[2] 
Second Period. Colo/r^iUtot,. 

The country having been sufficiently explored, the next step was to 
populate it. The ground being prepared, the seed must be sown. The 
(jaality of this seed is of the utmost importance. The character of 
these first settlers, and the motives with which they came, foretell the 
whole story of the nation. 

The French are, to-day, what Caesar reported them to be two thou- 
sand years ago. So the Germans. North, South, East and West, in 
this country, are just what the settlers of those regions were two hun- 
dred years ago. The lesson is plain and most impressive. 

The distinctive character given the history of the Colonies, by the 
four intercolonial wars, fixes a decided limit to the period. 

Third Period. Unification.. 

While the Colonies were established independently of one another, 
and were widely separated by vast wildernesses, and still more v.ridely 
by their own selfish interests, their common enemies, the Indians and 
George III., were sufficient to force them together, and to establish in- 
dissoluble union between what would otherwise have been very inco- 
herent elements. 

In fighting for England the Colonies learned to fight against Eng- 
land. The intercolonial wars trained them to that skill in warfare and 
statesmanship which soon was more than a matsh for the strongest and 
wisest nation on the earth. 

The first Continental Congress, which provided for the meeting of 
the second Continental Congress, whose acts were national, and whose 
sessions have continued till to-day, marks the consummation of the 
various centripetal tendencies of this Period and Era. 

Second Era — Formation. 

The materials and circumstances are now provided for the formatior 
uf a nation. The process is most interesting, and shown in the thre* 
epochs of Separation, Organization, and Nationalization, 

Fourth Period. Separation, 

First it was necessary that all relations of dependence upon th< 
mother nation should be severed. This could not be done withou 
immediate provocation and opportunity. 

George III. hastened to furnish the one, the Colonists promptl) 
made the other. 



[3] 

The ifyvi^i^n w<v j<f ,-med, maintained, and at last assented to by 
I'll civiHrsd r\?t'ona. 

Fifth Period. Organization. 

Having swung loose from all higher authorities, the Colonies were 
''ompelled to provide government for themselves, and, having expe- 
rienced the blessings of union in adversity, they clearly saw that in 
union was their only prosperity. 

This period is one of the most interesting in om- whole history, and 
by the intelligent patriot will be dwelt upon most earnestly. It of 
course closes with the adoption of our present Constitution. 

Sixth Period. N^ationalization. 

It was one thing to declare independence ; another to maintain it. 
So it was an important matter to organize a government, but it was a 
much greater matter to popularize it ; to create and develop a national 
sentiment which, when voiced in the memorable words, "The Union, 
Qow and for ever, one and inseparable!" found an echo in the patriotic 
hearts of every home. It must be remembered that the Colonies, proud 
of their independent origin, and more or less jealous of one another, 
made with great reluctance the surrender of the State sovereignty nec- 
essary to a self-sustaining Union. 

Although they at last adopted the Federal Constitution, that in^iru- 
ment had to be administered with the utmost delicacy and caution. lest 
some irritated State should of itself break the yet feeble bonds which 
held it in the Union. 

To establish this sentiment, to strengthen these bonds, to weld into 
impregnable union these inharmonious elements, was the mission of 
the Federal party. So well did it accomplish it that the opposition, 
upon coming in power, forced by public opinion, pretended so vocifer- 
ously to be the friends of the Constitution as to cause the Federalists, 
its founders, to appear, by contrast, its enemies.* 

One step more to strengthen the Union had to be taken. As in 
the adoption of the Constitution itself liberty was sacrificed, so again, 
in the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the rights of mankind were made 
secondary to theUnion. 

Following this, the Slave Power enjoyed a sway so unresisted,? the 

question of disunion, which could only arise from their defeat, was not 

raised until the sentiment of federalization had so taken root as to 

♦Von Hoist. Con. Hist. U. S. I. pp. 65. et secK Hild. V p. 418. 
tWilion's Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. 1. p. 165. 



compel Jackson to disregard the States Right views of his own piin> 
and coerce rebelling South Carolina in 1832. 

This Compromise was followed by the "era of good feeling" of 
Monroe's Administration, and by many other events, which indicate 
the close of this and the beginning of the new era. 

All the old regular parties were apparently dissolved during Mon- 
roe's time. 

In Adams' Administration the present Democratic party took its 
name and character. 

Then also arose the National Republicans, the precursors of the 
Whigs.J 

In 1826, Mr. Miner, of Pennsylvania, introduced a resolution, which 
was the first of a national character looking to the reformation of the 
Government. § 

In 182S, the Tarift Question became a national one. 

In 1829, Benj. Lundy visited Wm. Lloyd Garrison and induced him 
to begin his career as an agitator, by becoming the editor of •• Tht 
Gettlus of Universal Emancipation ^ 

While these events seem rather to indicate the beginning of the next 
era, I am unwilling to class the Administration of John Quincy Adams 
with those which follow. It was totally different from them in spirit, 
principle and practice. It was a fit conclusion of the "Golden Age" 
of our Government. 

On the other hand, the methods employed by Jackson in his candi- 
dacy for the Presidency with his demoralization of our civil service,jj 
stamped upon our politics a character diametrically opposite to that of 
preceding Administrations, and as disastrous as it was different. 

I therefore close the Second Great Era with the Administration of 
John Quincy Adams. 

The Third Era — Reformation. 

The Union being no longer a question ; the nation being sufficiently 
consolidated to stand, whatever else might fall ; the States being so 
firmly welded as to be able to withstand any wrenching, however 
severe, the exciting era of Reformation is begun. 

Our forefathers, who were practical men, compromised with slavery 

again and a^ain, when attempting to unite the Colonies. This was 

unavoidable. No Union could have been effected otherwise. The 

Union was the important issue. 

1 Statesman's Manual, p. 1307. tjiUet s Democracy in the U. S., p. iii. 

3 Gidding's History of the Rebellion, p. 82. 

(Statesman's Manu.il. p[> o'^2-964. Quincy's Life of Adams, p. 195. 



Vet it is wonderful how, in these concessions to slavery, /racr/zV^j were 
permitted without .iny sacrifice of the written principles of liberty in 
the Constitution. It is still more wonderful that these written prin- 
ciples more and more assert themselves, and survive the jiractices which 
were so inconsistent with them, and were winked at for a time. 
Seventh Period. Agitation. 

The particulars of this period will appear in the extended outlines. 
Its terminus falls naturally at th-e beginning of the Civil War, toward 
which, as an effect, all its leading events were contributing causes. 

Eighth Period. Einancipatio7i. 

Though not so expected or intended by either party, the war became 
a struggle for emancipation. The "current of events" was stronger 
than the wills of men. 

The only material result of the war was emancipation. 

Ninth Period. Re-Nationalization. 

During the great era of Formation the body politic was setting the 
bone and fixing the fiber — was being toned up preparatory to under- 
going the sickness of Agitation and the surgical operation of Emanci- 
pation. It is now passing through a hopeful convalescence of Re- 
natio7ialization. 

All intelligent persons, North and South, are agreed that slavery wns 
a dark spot upon the record of our nation. Our forefathers. North 
and South, especially in the South, deprecated it sincerely and repeat- 
edly. Washington and Jefferson, both Southerners, freed their slaves. 
The earliest Abolition Societies were formed in Slave States.^ 

But as it began and continued to be an issue, the South naturally 
arrayed itself in its defense. At last, the struggle came between Slavery 
and the Union. The Union survives. 

Whatever we may have suffered, all must rejoice at the result — the 
South even more than the North — for now, relieved of this incubus 
upon her commerce and industries; possessed of all her advantages of 
seaboard, commerce, and fertility of soil, she can soon rival the North 
in a peaceful prosperity — a rivalry which slavery alone made unequal 
^Wilson's Fvise and Fall, pp. 163, et seq. 



CIIAFIEK 11. 

»'iT»ODUCTORY TO THE TWENTY-SEVEN GREAT EPOCHS. 

Id C/'ipter I., and Outline No. i, was presented a quick, but total, 
bird'-: -eve view of our nation's history. 

Let us again place ourselves in the same position, and make another 
survey of the whole grouml, and mark out a few more of its salient 
features. 

As we traced out, then, the three Great Eras, and subdivided them 
each into three Great Periods, let us now examine more closely these 
Perio<ls, and discover the three Great Epochs, which each one of them 
presents — and so note the twenty-seven great mountain ranges, the grand 
peaks only of which we before recognized. 

This will complete another survey — no broader than the first, but a 
little deeper — and will answer for the map study, wliich it is always 
wise to give a territory, preparatory to traveling over it. 

Let it be understood, though, that the memory is not to be burdened 
with these features marked out, but that we are to have the map itself 
continually with us for ready reference; and that whatever is used fre 
quently enough to be impressed upon our memory, t/iatwe will remem- 
ber — no more. 

The teacher is particularly cautioned against requiring; ..upils to 
memorize these lifeless bones of outlines. They are intended for refer- 
ence only. The intelligent study of the history, with them as guides, 
will bring out their significance and value, and so sufticienlly fasten 
■hem on the mind. This may be facilitated by occasional oral reviews 
. r retrospects. 



U. S. HISTORY. 



No. l.-THE THREE GREAT ERAS AND NINE GREAT PERIODS. 

1' FBEPARATION, (Discovery of Amer- 
ica by Erikson to Second Continen- 
tal Congress.). .... 1000-1775 

I''- Exploration. (Discovery of America 

Erikson to Set. Va. at Jamestown) . 1000-1607 

2^ Colonization. (Set. Va. at James- 
town to King William's War.) . . 1 607-1 689 

3^ Unification. (King William's War 

to Second Continental Congress.) . 1689-17 75 

2^ FOR3IATION. (Second Continental 

Congress to Jackson) . . . 1775-1829 

i^ Separation. (Second Continental 

Congress to Second Treaty of Paris.) 17 75-1 783 

3- Organization. (Second Treaty of 

Paris to Washington.) . . . 1 783-1 789 

52 Nationalization. (Washington to 

Jackson.) 1789-1829 

31 REFORMATION. (Jackson to Cleve- 
land.) 1829-1885 

1"^ Agitation. (Jackson to Lincoln.) . 1829-1861 

3^ Emancipation. (Lincoln to John- 
son.) 1861-1865 

52 Re- Nationalization. (Johnson to 

Cleveland.) 1865-1885 

(7) 



No. 2.—n PREPARATION. (See page 7.) 

12 EXPLORATIONS. (Discovery of 
America by Erikson to Set. Va. at 
Jamestown.) 1000-1607 

1^ Ancient. (Earliest Times to Discov- 
ery of America by Erikson. ) . . 1000 

2^ Middle. (Discovery of America by 

Erikson to Columbus . . . 1000-1492 

S^ Modei'U. (Columbus to Set. Va. at 

Jamestown.) ..... 1492-1607 

2^ COLONIZATION. (Set. Va. at James- 
town to King William's War,). . 1607-1689 

i^ Settlement. (Virginia to Georgia.) . 1607-1733 

2 Extension. (Set. Va. at Jamestown 

to N. E. Confederation.) . . . 1607-1643 

33 Provinciation. (New England 
Confederation to King William's 
War.) ...... 1643-1689 

52 UNIFICATION. (King William's War 

to Second Continental Congress.) . 1689-1775 

1^ Provocation. [By Taxation.] (Im- 
portation Act to Stamp Act.) . . 165 7-1 765 

2^ Co-operation in War. (King 
William's War to First Treaty of 
Paris.) ...... 1689-1763 

3^ Co-oj?eration in Councils. (N. 

E. Confederation to Second Conti- 
nental Congress.) . . . ' . 1643-1775 

(8) 



No. 3.-2' FORMATION. (See page 7.) 

J2 SEP ABA TIO N — Revolutionary 
War. (2d Continental Congress to 
■ 2d Treaty of Paris.). . 1775-1733 

13 Declared , (Second Continental Con- 
gress to Declaration of Independence.) 1775-1776 

2^ Enforced. (Declaration of Indepen- 
dence to surrender of Cornwallis.) . 1776-1781 

3^ Mecofpii^ed. (Surrender of Corn- 
wallis to Second Treaty of Paris.) . 17 76-1 783 

2^ OBGAWIZATION. (Second Treaty of 

Paris to Washington.) . . . 1783-1789 

1 3 Confederate Gove r n ni e n t 
Formed. (Declaration of Inde- 
pendence to Articles of Confedera- 
tion Ratified.). .... 1776-1781 

2^ Confederate Govermnent a 
Failure. (From Articles of Con- 
federation Ratified to Annapolis Con- 
vention.) ..... 1781-1786 

53 National Government Formed. 

(Annapolis Convention to Washing- 
ton.) ...... 1 786-1 789 

52 NATIONALIZATIOS\ (Washington 

to Jackson.) . . . 1789-1829 

1^ Federalists. (Washington to Jeffer- 
son.) ...... 1789-1801 

2^ Anti- Federalists. (Jefferson to 

Monroe.) ..... 1801-1817 

3^ National Republicans. (Monroe 

to Jackson.) ,1817-1829 

(9) 



No. 4.-3'- REFORMATION. (See page 7.) 

1^ AGITATION, (Jackson to Lincoln.) . 1829-1861 

1^ Democrats. (Jackson to Harrison.). 1 829-1 841 

2^ Whigs. (Harrison to Taylor.) . . 1 841-1850 

33 Jpree-Soilers. (Taylor to Lincoln.). 1850-1861 

2^ EMANCIPATION. (Lincoln to John- 
son, to Fall of Sumter.) . . 1861-1865 

1^ Secession. (Inauguration of Lin- 
coln.). ..... March 4, 1861 

2^ Coercion — Civil War, (Fall of 

Sumter to Surrender of Lee.) . . 1 861-1865 

3^ Conclusion. (Surrender of Lee to 

Johnson. i . . April 9-April 15, 1865 

32 HE-NATIONALIZATION. (John 

son to Cleveland.) .... 1865-1885 

1^ Reconstruction. (Johnson to 

Hayes.) 1865-1877 

2^ Mesumption. (Hayes to Garfield.) . 1877-1881 
3^ Reconciliation. (Garfield to Cleve- 
land.) 1881-1885 



flO^ 



No. 5.—P ANCIENT (EXPLORATIONS). (See page 8.) 

1^ DISCOVERERS. 

1 5 America discovered by Phenicians (?) 1300-1000 B.C. 
2 5 America discovered by Pytheas (?) 340 B. C. 

^* MOUND BUILDERS. 

1° Locality — On Banks of the following Rivers and 
their Tributaries. 
1 6 Mississippi. 2^ Missouri. 3^ Ohio. 

2^ Remains, 

1 6 Mounds. 
2^ Ramparts. 
3® Enclosures. 

i' Dimensions. 
2 ^ Area Enclosed. 

3'' Example — Fort Ancient, near Lebanon, O. 
I* Area Enclosed — 100 Acres. 
2'' Length of Embankment — Four Miles. 
38 Size of Embankment— Ten Feet High 
by Twenty Broad.* 

3^ Theories Concerning, 

i^ Icelandic Tradition. 
2^ Iroquois Tradition. 
3^ Aztec Theory. » 

3* ABORIGINES, 

1^ Of Northern Coast — Esquimaux. 
2^ Of JVorthtvestern Coast — Kalushi, 

55 Of Eastern Coast— Indians, 

i^ Algonquin. 2^ Iroquois. 3^ Floridas. 

(11) 



No. 6.-2^ MIDDLE (EXPLORATIONS.) (See page 8.) 

l'^ Chinese. Mexico discovered by Hoei-shin . 499 

2^ Irish and Welsh, 

1 5 Chesapeake Bay Regions (Great Ireland) 

settled by Irish, ..... 700-800 
2-^ Carolinas settled by Madoc, a Welshman,. 11 00 

5^ Nor'thmen, 

1 ^ Iceland discovered by Nadod, . . . 860 

2 5 Greenland. 

i'^ Sighted by Gunnbjorn, . . , 876 

2 6 Settled by Erik the Red, . . . 9S4 

2 5 New England. 

i^ Sighted by Bjarne, .... 986 

2^ Explored by Lief Erikson, . . looo 

P 53 MODERN {EXPLORATIONS.) (See page 6.) 

'No. (>«. N^EW WORLD EXPLORATIONS. 

1^ Neiv World, 

1 5 Discovered by Columbus for Spain, . . 1492 

2^ Named (1507) from Americus Vespuccius 

for his Discoveries, .... 1499 

3 5 Circumnavigated. 

i^ First by Magellan for Spain, . . 1519-1522 
2^ Second by Drake for England, . 1577- 1580 

JSo. GK OCEANIC PASSAGES, 

2^ Oceanic, 

1 5 South East Passage by De Gama for Portugal, 1497 
2 5 South West Passage by Magellan for Spain, 1520 
3 5 North West Passage by McClure for England, 1854 
4" North East Passage by Nordenskiold for Sweden, 1879 

3^ Continental, (See next page.) 

(12) 



No. 6'— 3^ CONTINENTAL (EXPLORATIONS.) 

(See page 12.) 

/5 Worth America, 

1 ^ Continent Discovered by John Cabot for England 1497 

2 6 Coast Explored from Labrador to Florida, by 

Sebastian Cabot for England, . . . 1498 

3^ Gulf St. Lawrence Discovered by Denys for 

France, ....... 1506 

4^ St. Lawrence River Discovered by Cartier for 

France, ..... . 1534 

5" Hudson River by Hudson for Dutch, . . 1609 
6*^ Florida by Ponce de Leon for Spain, . .1512 
7^ Mississippi River by De Soto for Spain, . .1541 
8^ Mexico by Grijalva for Spain, .... 1518 

9^ Pacific Ocean by Balboa for Spain, . . -1513 
10^ Pacific Coast to Cape Mendocino by Cabrillo 

for Spain, ....... 1542 

116 Pacific Coast to 48° N. Lat. by Drake for Eng- 
land, ........ 1579 

12^ Upper Mississippi Discovered by Marquette and 

Joliet for France, ..... 1673 

136 Mississippi Explored from the Illinois River to 

Mouth by La Salle 1682 

14^ Columbia River Explored by Gray for United 

States,. ....... 179^ 

15'' Oregon Territory Explored by Lewis and Clark 

for United Sta»:es, ..... 1806 

2"^ South America Discovered by Columbus, . 1498 



(13) 



No. 7.-2'' P SETTLEMENT. (See page 8.) 

No. r«. OLDEST SETTLEMENTS, 

1 Oldest, 

1 5 InNewWorld, at Isabella (Hayti), by Columbus, 1493 
2 5 On the Continent, at Darien, by Ojedo,. . 15 10 
35 In the United States, at St. Augustine, by 

Melendez, ....... 1565 

45 In Western United States, at Sante Fe, by 

Espejo, 1582 

5^ French Settlement, at Annapolis, by De Monts, 1605 
6 5 English Settlement, at Jamestown, by London 

Company, ....... 1607 

No, 7K COLONIAL SETTLEMENTS. 
2^ Colonial, 



1 5 New Hampshire, at Portsmouth, by Mason, 
2^ Massachusetts, at Plymouth, by Pilgrims, 
35 Rhode Island, at Providence, by Williams, 
4^ Connecticut, at Windsor, by Holmes, 
55 New York, at New York by the Dutch^ 
6^ New Jersey, at Bergen, by the Dutch, , 
75 Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, by Penn,. 
8 5 Delaware, at Wilmington, by Swedes, . 
9^ Maryland, at St. Mary's, by Baltimore, . 
10^ Virginia, at Jamestown, by London Company 
11^ North Carolina, at Albemarle, by Clarendon 

Co., . . . ^-'.'^4^ (f^-.'.^i^ o*x 

12 5 South CaroHna, at (W41mington) by Clarendon 

Co., ....... 

13^ Georgia, at Savannah, by Oglethorpe, . 

5* JP08* Colonial, (See next page.) 

(13a) 



1623 
1620 
1636 

1633 
1613 
1614 
1682 
1638 
1634 
1607 

1663 

1670 
1733 



Wo, 7^, POST COLONIAL SETTLEMENTS, 

(See page 14.) 



3* Post Colofiial, 



r 

135 

255 
255 



Vermont, at Brattleboro, by Massachusetts, 
Kentucky, at Boonesboro, by Boone, . 
Tennessee, at Wautauga, by Carolinians, 
Ohio, at Marietta, by Cutler, 
Louisiana, at Iberville, by Iberville, 
Indiana, at Vincennes, by French, 
Mississippi, at Natchez, by Iberville, 
Illinois, at Kaskaskia, by French, 
Alabama, at Mobile, by Bienville, 
Maine, at Saco, by Gorges, . 
Missouri, at St. Louis, by French, 
Arkansas, at Kansas Post, by French, 
Michigan, at Detroit, by French,. 
Florida, at St. Augustine, by Melendez, 
Texas, at Matagorda Bay, by Spaniards, 
Iowa, at Dubuque, by Americans, 
Wisconsin, at Green Bay, by French, 
California, at San Diego, by Spaniards. 
Minnesota, at St. Paul, by Americans, 
Oregon, at Astoria, by Astor, 
Kansas, at Fort Leavenworth, by Missourians 
West Virginia, at Greenbrier, by English, 
Nevada, at Carson City, by Mormons, . 
Nebraska, at Bellevue, by Americans, . 



25*°' Colorado, at West Denver, by Georgians, 



1725 
1775 
1757 
1788 
1699 
1690 
1716 
1720 
1711 
1622 
1764 
1685 
1701 

1565 
1685 

1833 
1745 
1769 
1846 
1811 
1850 
1769 
1848 
1810 
1858 



(13/;) 



No. 8. -r- 2' EXTl NSKjN. Wide No. 2.) 

1^ TERBITOBIAL, 
1^ Indians. 

1 6 New England Colonies. 

i^ Treaty with Massasoit, . . . 162 1 
2^ Pequod War, .... 1633-1637 

3'^ Roger Williams and the Indians, . 1636 
2' Southern Colonies. 

1'' Calvert and the Indians in Maryland, 1634 
2'^ Smith and the Indians in Virginia, 1 607-1 609 
3' Pocahontas Kidnapped, Virginia, . 16 13 
4^ Opechancanough's War, Virginia, . 1622 
5^ War of the Susquehannas, Virginia and 

Maryland, .... 1644 

38 Middle Colonies. 

i^ May and the Indians, . . . 1623 

2"^ Massacre of Lewistovvn, . . .1632 

3^ Swedes and the Indians, . . . 1637 

4^ New York Indian War, . . 1 640-1 644 

2^ DutcJi. 
55 Ftenrli. 
2"^ COMiWEHCIAL. 
15 JProdiire. 

i^ Lumber. 2^ Fish. 36Skins. 4" Furs. 5^Tobacco. 
2^ Man aft I €t or las. 

3^ ilfonet/ —Wampum, Grain and Tobacco. 
5* social: 
1^ Political. 

i^ The First Compact on Mayflower, . . 1620 
2^ The First Written Constitution, Jamestown, 1619 
3^ The First Written Constitution Prepared by 

the People at Hartford, . . 1639 

4^ New England Confederation, the First Colo- 
nial Union, ...... 1643 

2^ Helif/lous. 

I ^ Pilgrims at Plymouth, and Puritans at Boston. 
2^ Catholics in Maryland, the First to Enact Relig- 
ious Toleration. 
3^ Episcopaleans, Dutch Reformed and Quakers. 
55 Educational. 
I® New England. 
2^ Southern Colonies. 
3^ Middle Colonies. 

(14) 



No. 9.-2' 3' PROVINCIATION. (Vide No. 2.) 



1^ NEW ENGLAND COLONIES. 

1 5 M issachusetts, .... 
2 5 Connecticut, .... 

3^ Rhode Island, .... 
45 New Hampshire, .... 

2^ MIDDLE COLONIES, 

1 5 New York, ...... 

2^ Delaware, ..... 

3^ Pennsylvania — never a Royal Province. 
4^ New Jersey, .... 

3* SOUTHERN COLONIES. 

1 5 Virginia, 
2 5 Maryland, 
3^ North Carolina, 
4^ South Carolina, 
55 Georgia, 



1686 
1687 
1687 
1679 

1664 
1664 

1702 



1624 
1691 
1729 
1729 

1752 



(15) 



No. 10.— n 52 UNIFICATION. {Vide No. 2.) 

1^ PROVOCATION (Navigation Act to 

Stamp Act.) 1651-1765 

i^ Navigation Acts, . . . .1651 and 1733 
2* Writs of Assistance, .... 1761 

3* Stamp Act, 1765 

2^ CO-OJPJEBATIOJ^IJ^WAn, (King 
William's War to First Treaty of 
Paris.) 1 689-1 763 

I* French Explorations. (Rymbault to Fort 

Du Quesne.) ..... 1641-1754 

2* French Aggression or Inter-Colonial 
Wars or European Disputes. (King 
William's War to North American 
Confederation.) .... 1689-17 54 

3* French Expulsion or French and Indian 
War or Territorial Dispute. (North 
American Confederation to First 
Treaty of Paris.) . . ' . » 1 754-1 763 

33 CO- or ERA TIOW IN CO UNCUS. 

(New England Confederation to Sec- 
ond Continental Congress.) . . 1 643-1 775 
I"* New England Confederation, . . 1643 

-- 2"^ American Congresses, . . . 1690 and 1754' 
3^ Remonstrating Congresses, . . 1765 and 1774 






ri6) 



, A-^- 



Ho. 11 -r FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. iVide 10.) 

1^ TOWARn THE MISSISSirJPI, 

i^ Lake Superior by Chas. Raynebault, - - 1641 

2^ Mississippi by Marquette and Joliet, - - 1673 

3^ Mississippi to the Mouth by La Salle, - - 1681 

4^ Detroit settled, 170T 

2^ FMOM THJE GULF. 

i^ Louisiana settled by D'Ibberville, - - . 1699 

2' Natchez (Rosalee) founded, - - - - 1700 

3^ Mobile founded, 1702 

4^ New Orleans founded, 1722 

55 TOW Alt jy THB OHIO, 

is Vmcennes, Ind., founded, - - - 1735 
2^ Erie, Ohio (Presque Isle), founded, - - 1753 
3^ Le Boeuf v Waterford, Pa. , and Venango (Frank- 
lin, Pa.), founded, - - - - 1753 

4® Pittsburg (Fort Du Quesne) founded, - - 1754 



(17) 



fio. 12.-2' FRENCH AGGRES'jION-F'.yst, Second and Third I n- 
tercolonial Wars. European Disputes. ( Vide 10. ) 

15 KIXG WILLIAM'S WAR—Fivfit 

Intercolonial War, - - 1689-1697 
1^ Cause — English Revolution of '88. King 
William ernv/or James II. and Louis XIV. 

2^ Incidents. 

i"' Dover, N. H., Massacre, - July 7, 1689 

2' Schenectady, N. Y., Massacre, Feb. 18, 1690 

37 Salmon Falls, Maine, Massacre, Mar. 28, 1690 

4' Casco Bay, Maine, Massacre, - May 21, 1690 

5' Nova Scotia Expedition, - - May, 1690 

6^ Canada Expedition, - - - October, 1690 

7" Oyster River, N. H., Massacre, July 28, 1694 

8'^ Haverhill, Mass., Massacre, - Mar. 25, 1697 

5® Concf a.^lon— Treaty of Ryswick, Sept. 20, 1697 

2^ QUEEN ANXES WAR — Second 

Intercolonial War, - - 1702-1713 

1^ Cause —War of Spanish Succession. 

England versus France. 
2^ Incidents, 

1 7 South. 

i^ St. Augustine Ex])edition, - May, 1702 

2 8 Appalachian Expedition, - Dec, 1702 

38 Charleston repels Attack, - - 1706 

4* Tuscaroras War, - - - - 17 12 

58 Yamasses War, - - - - 1715 

2 7 North. 

1 8 Port Royal Expedition, - - - 17 10 
2 8 Canada Expedition, - - - 171 1 
3^ Conclusion — Treaty of Utrecht. Aca- 
dia ceded to England, - - April II, 1 7 13 

35 KING GEOBGES WAB— Third 

Intercolonial War, - - 1744-1748 
J^ 0«MS<^— Austrian Succession. England 

7't'rsus France. 
2^ Incidents. 

i'' Louis!)uru Expedition, - - - - 1745 
2^ D'Arville Exjjedition, .... 1746 
.■5^ Conclusion — 'Treaty of Aix la Chapelle 

(Boundaries undecided), - - 1748 

(18) 



No. 13. ~ 3* FRENCH EXPULSION— French and Indian 
War. Territorial Dispute— 1754^1763. {Vide No. 10.) 

1^ CA USE— Territorial Boundaries, 
2^ INCIDENTS. 

1^ From the West, For Western Territory, 

i' Washington's Journey to Fort Le Boeuf, 1753 
2' Fort Da Quesne established, - - 1754 

3' First Blood shed, Battle of Gi eat Meadows .754 
4' Surrender of Fort Necessity (Great Mead- 
ows'), - - - - July 4, 1754 
5' Braddock's Defeat (First Expedition against 

Fort Du Quesne), - - July 9, 1755 

6' Capture of Fort Du Quesne (Second Expe- 
dition against the Fort — Pittsburg), - 1758 

2^ From the North, For Canada. 

i'' Shirley's Expedition against Fort Niagara 

a Failure, - - - - 
2' Battle of Lake George a Success, 
3'^ Montcalm (Fr.) captures Oswego, 



4'' Montcalm captures Fort William Henry, 
5 ^ Abercrombie's Expedition against Montcalm 

at Fort Ticonderoga a Failure, - 
6' English capture Ticonderoga, Crown Point 

and Fort Niagara, . . . . 
7 ' Montcalm ( Fr. ) surrenders Quebec to 

Wolfe (Eng.), 

8^ English capture Montreal, and Canada 

yields to English, .... 
9' Pontiac War, ----.- 

,96 From the Enst. For the Fisheries. 
I ■' English brutally kidnap the Acadians, 
2"^ First Expedition against Louisburg a Failure, 
3^ Second Expedition against Louisburg by 
Wolfe a Success, .... 

5» CONCL US ION- First Treaty of Paris, 
i' Franee eedt'S all Territorif 

I ^ East of Mississippi to England. 
2'' West of Mississippi to Spain. 

2^ Spain cedes Fiorida to England, 



755 
755 
756 

757 

758 
759 
759 

760 
763 



755 

757 

758 
763 



No. 14.-3^ CO-OPERATION IN COUNCILS. (Vide No. 10.) 

1* NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERA- 
TION, 1643 
1^ Places of MeetiiKj. 

1 ^ Boston. 2^ Hartford. 3''' New Haven. 4" Plymouth. 

2'^ Duration f 1 643-1 685 

5' Purposes. 

i^ Protection against 

1 7 Dutch. 2 7 French. 3^ Indians. (Vide No. 8.) 

2 5 To "maintain Liberty of Gospel in Purity and 

Peace." 
4* Colonies composing, 

1 8 Massachusetts. 2^ Plymouth. 3* Connecticut 
4^ New Haven. 
5* Articles of Union, 

i^ Title— United Colonies of New England. 
2* Representation. 

t' Number— Two from each Colony. 
2"^ Qualifications — Church Membership. 
3* Secession. 
4* Fugitive Slave Bill. 
6^ References — Hildrethl., p. 287; Towle, p. 302; 
I'alfrey I. p. 629: Martin Civ. Govt. p. 106. 

«« AMERICAN * ONGRESSES. 

1* Fir.'it American Conr/ress, - 1690 

1 8 Place of Meeting — New York. 

2^ Duration, 1690- 1697 

3" Purpose Protection against French and Indians. 
4* Colonies Composing. 

I ''New York. 2'' Massachusetts. 3'' Connecticut. 
5* References— Bancroft III. p. 183; Hildreth II. 

P- 133- 
J?» North-American Confederacy^ 

June 19-July II, 1754 
i« Place of Meeting— Albany. 
2^ Duration —Articles rejected by King and by 

Colonies. 
3* Members — Massachusetts, New Haven, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, New York, New Hamp- 
shire, Pennsyl vania, Maryland, ' 'Six Nations. " 
4* Moving Spirit — Ben Franklin. 
5* References — Bancroft IV. p. 121; Hildreth II. 
p. 443; Statesman's Ma nu-^l, Williams, p. 1508. 
3* Retnonstratinff Congresses. (See next page.) 

(20) 



No. 15-3' REMONSTRATING COLONIAL CONGRESSES 
{Vide No. 10.) 

1^ THE STAMP ACT CONGRESS, 

Oct. 7-Oct. 24, 1765 
1^ Place of Meeting — New York. 
2^ Octtese —Stamp Act, - - - March 22, 1765 
3^ Metnbers, 

1 7 Mass. 2 7 Conn. 3^ R. I. 4^ Pa. 5 7 Md. 
67 S. C. 77 Del. 87 N. J. 97 N. Y. 
4^ He.sults Declaration of Rights and Repeal 

of Stamp Act, - - - March 8, 1766 
S^ Meferences -Towle, 305; Bancroft V. p. 
334; Hildreth II. p. 59; Young's American 
Statesman, p. 37; Williams' Manual, 1510. 

^« FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
1^ Place of 3Ieetlng — (Carpenter's Hall, Phila- 
delphia.) - - - - - - - 1774 

2^ Causes, 

1 7 Mutiny Act, 1765 

2 7 Revenue Act on Teas, etc., - - - 1765 

3 7 Repeal of Stamp Act, with Assertion of Right 

to bind Colonies in ail Cases whatsoever, 1766 
47 John Hancock's Sloop protected by a Mob, 1768 
57 Troops ordered to and quartered at Boston, 1768 
67 Parliament pronounces Mass. rebellious, 1769 
77 N. Y. Riot: First Outbreak, Jan. 17, 1770 

87 Boston Massacre, - - - March 5, 1770 
97 Revenue Act of '65 repealed, but Duty on 

Tea retained for "principle," March 5, 1770 

io7 Boston Tea Party, - - Dec. 10, 1773 

ii7 Boston Port Bill, - - - March 14, 1774 

127 Gage fortifies Boston Neck, - Sept., 1774 

3^ Members — All Colonies except Georgia. 

4^ Duration of Session— Sept. 5-Oct. 26. 1774 

5^ Results. 

1 7 Declaration of Rights. 

2 7 Agree not to use British Imports (^ Am. Ass'n). 

37 Addresses to King and Colonies disclaiming 

a Desire for Independence. 
47 Another Congress recommended to meet 
May 10, 1775. 
6® References ~Ba.n. VII. pp. 76-152; Hild. 
III. pp. 34-46; Young, p. 46. 
(■2\) 



No. 16 -P V SEPARATION DECLARED. \\l\deNe. 3.) 

1* TMJE CONFLICT, First Year. (Battle of 
Lexington to Declaration of Independence.) 

April 19, 1775-July 4, 177S 

1^ In Massachusetts. 

i^ Battle of Lexington, Par/cer-SuiTH and 

PiTCAiRN, - ( -1,700) April 19, 1775 
2* Battle of Bunker Hill, Howe and Clin- 
} 10^-Frescofl, - (3,000-1,500) June 17, 1775 

j 3^ Evacuation of Boston, IVas/iington-HowE, 

(8,000-9,000) March 17, 1776 
46 The Army at New York, IVas/iingfon-HovfE, 

(17,000-30,000) April 26, 1776 

2^ Toward Canada. 

i^ Capture of Ticonderoga, Ethaji Alkn-T)E- 
j Laplace, - - (80-60) May 10, 1775 

! 2^ Invasion of Canada a Failure, 
L Aug. 30-Dec. 31, 1775 

i' Montreal surrenders, Montgomery- 

Carleton, - - Nov. 12, 1775 

2^ Siege of Quebec, Carleton-J^«/- 

gomeryand Arnold, (900-2, 000) Dec. 31, 1775 

3* In the South. 

i« Siege of Charleston, Mou/trie-Cusro^ and 

Parker, - - (400-4,000) June 28, 1775 

2* THF COLONIES. 

f i5 The Mecklenburg (County, N. C.) Declaration, 

May 31, 1775 
2' Dunmore and Patrick Henry in Virginia, Dec, 1775 
3 5 From Paine's " Comm on Sense," - - Jan., 1776 
4^ South Carolina first to adopt Independent State 

Constitution, . - . . March 26, 1776 

56 North Carolina first to instruct Congress to vote 

Independence, . - - - April 4, 1776 
6^ Williamsburg (Va.) Declaration [(Virginia Bill 
; of Rights, v- ... V June 12, 1776 

S.75 Daniel Booni in Kentucky, - - - April, 1775 
S^ THF, CONGRESS. 'Vide 17.) 

(22) 



£ 



No. n -SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS- Firsi and Second 
Sessions, ii/ide No. 16.) 

2* THECi>NGRESS. (First Meeting to Declara- 
tion of Independence.) May lo, 1775-July 4,1776 
1" PUice of lleetiiig — Philadelpchia (Inde- 
pendence Hall). 
2^ Duration, 

i^ First Session, May lo-August i, 1775. 
2'^ Second Session, Sept. 5,17 75-Dec. 12,1776. 

i"* Pres., Peyton Randolph. 2^ Sec. ,Chas.Tompson. 
4^ JEiiactnieitts. 

I® CoNCERNiNo War. 

i^ Gen. Washington chosen Commander-in- 
Chief, .... June 15, 1775 
2^ Declaration of War; but not for /-.de- 
pendence, - - - July 6, 1775 
3^ Marine Committee (Navy), - Nov. 25, 1775 
4^ Being pronounced Rebels, declare Retali- 
ation, ... - Dec. 6, 1775 
5^ Issues Money (10,000,000 Bills of Credit), 

June 23-Feb. 17, 1775 
6' Board c;f War (War Dep't', John Adams, 

Chairman, . _ . June 12, 1776 

2^ Toward Orga.n'izatiox. 

i^ Post-Office Department, Ben Franklin, Post- 

* Master General, - - July 26, 1775 

2^ Nation named "Thirteen United Colonies," 

Sept. 5, 1775 
3^ Secret Committee (State Dep't), Ben Frank- 
lin, Chairman, - - - Nov. 29, 1775 
^--^ 4^ Treisury Dep't, Gerry, Ch. of Com., April I, 1776 

\ 3^ Toward Indefendknce. 

1^ Second and Last Petition to the King, July 8, 1775 
2' Recommend Colonies to cstablisli Sufficient 

Governments, - - - May 10, 1776 
3'' Resolution of Ind., by Lee. of Va., June 7, 1776 
4' Committee to draft Dec. of Ind., June 11, 1776 
5'' Com. on Articles of Confederation, June 10, 1776 
6'' Committee on Dec. of Ind. report, June 28, 1776 
7'' Lee'sResolutionof June 7. adopted, July 2, 1776 
8'^ Declarationof Independence adopted. Iuly4, 1776 



X 



No. 18 -P 2' SEPARATION ENFORCED. {]/ide No. 3.) 

1< F R AN KLIJS PERIOD, (War in North 
and Middle States. Second and Third 
Years.) 1776-1777 

V The Conflict. (Battle of Long Island 
to Surrender of Burgoyne. ) 

Aug. 1776-Oct. 17, 1777 

2^ The Congress, (Declaration of In- 
dependence to Adoption of Articles of 
Confederation.) - July 4, 1776-Nov., 1777 

3^ The Colonies, ' New Constitution of 
Massachusetts to New Constitution of 
New York. ) - - May, 1776-April, 1777 

2^ FRBNCH PERIO D. ( War in Middle 
and Southern States. Fourth and Fifth 
Years.) ■- 1778-1779 

1^ The Conflict, (Battle of Monmouth 

to Battle of Savannah. ^ June, 1778-Oct., 1779 

2^ The Congrt'ss. (French Alliance to 

Adams' British Min. ) - Feb., 1778-Sept., 1779 

5* The (Colonies, (Massacre of Wyom- 
ing to Founding of Nashville, July, 1 778-1 779 

.9* MORRIS PBRIOJD, (War in the South. 

Sixth and Seventh Years. ) - - 1780-1781 

1^ The Conflict, (Surrender of Charleston 

to Surrender of CornwaUis. ) May, 1 780-Oct. ,1781 

» 

2^ The Congress, ' New Tenor to Bank 

of North America.) Feb., 1780-Dec., 1781 

3^ The Colonies, (Murder of Mrs. Cald- 
well to Thanksgiving.) - - - 1780-1781 
(24) 



No. 19. V FRANKLIN PERIOD, 1776-77. V THE CONFLICT. 
(Vide No. 18.) 

1^ THE CONFLICT, (Battle of Long 

Island to Surrender of Burgoyne.) . 1776-1777 
1^ New York CampaUjn, (Bat. of Long 

Island — Sur. of Ft. Washington.) Aug. -Nov., 1776 
I '^ Battle of Long Island, Howe and Clinton- 

Putnam, . (20,000-5,000) Aug. 27, 1776 
2'' Memorable Retreat across the Sound to 

New York, . . Aug. 29, 30, 1776 

3'^ Evacuation of New York City, Sept. 14, 1776 
47 Battle of White Plains, LKSLiE-McDoi/ga//, 

(2,000-1,600) Oct. 28, 1776 
57 Surrender of Ft. Washington, HowE-Magaw, 

(5,000-3,000) Nov. 16, 1776 
2^ Philadelphia Campaign. (Evacuation 
of Fort Lee to Evacuation of Fort Mififin. 
i^ First Campaign — Philadelphia saved. 

Nov. 20, 1776-Jan. 5, 1777 
1 8 Fort Lee evacuated, . . Nov. 20, 1776 

28 Retreat through N. J. to Newtown, Pa., 

Nov. 20-Dec. 7, 1776 
38 Washington crosses the Dela. , Dec. 25, 1776 
4* Battle of Trenton, IVashington-RAm., 

(2,400-1,000) Dec. 26, 177;!^ 
58 Battle of Princeton ( lVashington-^\A\v- 

HOOD, . . (3,000-1,800) Jan. 3, 1777 
6 8 Win. Quar. Washington at Valley F'ge; 

CoRNWALLis at Brunswick. Jan. 5, 1777 
2^ Second Campaign — Philadelphia lost. 
18 Washington moves to Middlebrook, 

(7,000) May 28, 1777 
28 HowEevac. Newjer., (30,000) June 30, 1777 
38 Howe embarks at New York for Phil- 
adelphia, . (18,000) July 23, 1777 
48 Washington YiSL^stsihro'VhWa.., Aug. 24,1777 
58 Howe at Elkton, 54 miles from Phila- 
delphia, . . . Aug. 25, 1777 
6* Bat. of Brandy wine, Howe- /^-.f/^m^^^, 

(18,000-11,000) Sept. II, 1777 
78 Howe occupies Pliiladelphia, Sept. 22, 1777 
8* Bat. of Germantown, Howe- Washing- 
ton, . (15,000-11,000) Oct. 4, 1777 
(25) 



CT'Vw" ^^'■'^- ^\,iyU^O0 ,y%>nr\^ IpyCu^jt^ 

98 Bat. of Forts Mercer and Miffin, Greene 

6^ 6'w///«-DoNOP & Howe, Oct 's, 1777 
lo^ Bat. of Fort Miffin, Howe- 77ia>'fr, 

Nov. 16, 1777 
II* Washington in Win. Quar. at Valley 

Forge; Howe in Philadelphia. Dec, 1777 

5^ Sudson River Caiiipaign, 

i^ BuRGOYNE invades New York, . Aug., 1777 
2 7 Battle of Bennington (Vt.), Stark-^A^M, 

(2,000-1,200) Aug. 16, 1777 
3 7 Battle of Bemus Heights, (7a/^.y-BuRGOYNE, 

(2,500-3,000) Sept. 19, 1777 
4'' Battle of Saratoga, G^a/^x-BuRGOYNE, 

(8,000-4,500; Oct. 7, 1777 
5'^ Surrender of Burgoyne, . Oct. 17, 1777 



No. 20. V FRANKLIN PERIOD, 1776-n. 2" THE CONGRESS. 

iVide No. 18.) 

2^ THB CONGRESS. (Declaration of In- 
dependence to Adoption of Articles of 
Confederation.; . . 1776-Nov., 1777 

1^ Places of Meeting. 

1 7 Philadelphia, . . July-Dec. 12, 1776 

2^ Baltimore, . . Dec. 27, i77*4-Mar. 3, 1777 
37 Philadelphia, . . Mar. 3^ept. 22, 1777 

4^ Lancaster, .... Sept. 27, 1777 
57 York, . . . Sept. 30, 1777-July, 1778 

2^ Presidents. 

1'' John Hancock, of Massachusetts, 

May 24, 1775-N0V. I, 1777 
2 7 Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, 

Nov. I, 1777-Dec. 10, 1778 
5* Pt'oceedifigs. 

1 7 Articles of Confederation repor*^ed, July 12, 1776 
2^ Overtures of Howe, . . . July,i776 
Vs'^ Dec. of Ind. engrossed and signed/Aug. 2, 1776 
47 Franklin, Deane and Lee, Ministers to 

France, .... Sept. 17, 1776 
(26) 



5 ' Washington authorized to organize an Army, 

Dec. 27, 1776 
6"^ Franklin in Paris, . . Dec. 21, 1776 

7^ Money issued, $19,000,000. Total to Date, 

$25,000,000. . . , Dec. 31, 1776 
8'^ Franklin secures Aids from France, Jan. 16, 1777 
9^ La Fayette embarks for America, April 26, 1777 
10'^ National Flag adopted, . . June 14, 1777 
11^ La Fayette made Major General, Aug., 1777 
12 7 Ar'^icles of Confederation adopted at York- 
town, .... Nov. 15, 1777 
13'^ Money issued, $13,000,000. Total to Date, 

$38,000,000. . . . Dec. 31, 1777 



lifo.21. V FRANKLIN PERIOD, 1776-77. 2' THE COLONIES. 

iVidd No 18.) 

« 

2^ THE COLONIES. (Constitution of Dela- 
ware to Conway Cabal.) Sept. 20, 1776-Lec., 1777 
i^ Great Fire in New York, . , Sept. 20, 1776 

2^ Delaware organized, . . . Sept. 30, 1776 

36 Maryland organized, . . . Nov., 1776 

48 Newport, R. L, occupied by British, Dec. 8, 1776 
5^ North Carolina adopts Constitution, Dec. 18, 1776 
6^ Georgia organized, . . . Feb. 5, 1777 

7^ Pennsylvania organized under its new Constitu- 
tion, ..... March, 1777 
8^ Tyron raids upon Danbury, Conn., April 23, 1777 
9^ Meigs raids Sag Harbor, L. L, , May 24, 1777 
10^ People of Massachusetts reject new Constitu- 
tion, ..... June, 1777 
11^ Kentucky a County of Virginia, . Jan. 7, 1777 
12^ New York organized, . . . July 3, 1777 
13^ Prescott captured as hostage for Lee, July 13, 1777 
14^ Conway Cabal against Washington, . Dec, 1777 



(27) 



No. 22.-2' FRENCH PERIOD, 1778-79. V THE CONFLICT. 
Wide No. 18.) 

15 TJEEE COJSFLICT. (Battle of Monmouth to 

Battle of Savannah.} . June, 1778-Oct., 1779 

1* Ju the North. 

1 7 British evacuate Philadelphia, . June 18,1778 
2"^ Battle of Monmouth, IVas/iington-ChiNTON, 

(12,000-11,000) June 28, 1778 
37 Howe in New York, . . July i, 1778 

: 4 7 n Estaing, with 4,000 Troops, arrives from 

France, .... July 6, 1778 
57 Washington dXy^\\\X.&V\2\\-\%, . July 21, 1778 
6 7 Battle of Rhode Island, Sullivan-ViGor, 

, (5,000-5,000) Aug. 19, 1778 
77 i?'^//<z//?o- retires to Boston, . Aug. 20, 1778 
8' British Prisoners (Burgoyne) sent to Char- 
lottesville, Va., . . . Sept., 1778 
g"^ 5,000 British Troops sent from New York 

to West Indies, . . . Nov. i, 1778 

lo'^ n Estaing leaves Boston for West Indies, 

Nov. I, 1778 
11^ 3, 500 Brit. Tr. sentfromN. Y.to Ga.,Nov. 20,1778 
12^ Washington in Winter Quarters at Valley 

Forge, N. J., . . . . Dec, 1778 
2^ In the South. 

I '^ Battle of Savannah, Campbell-j?^^/. Howe, 

(2,000-900) Dec. 29, 1778 
2 7 Bat. of Sunbury, Ga., Prevost-Z^;;/^, Jan. 9,1779 
37 Battle of Kettle Creek, Ga., Ficke?is-Boyr), 

(300-700) Feb. 14, 1779 
47 Battle of Briar Creek, N. C. , PREVosT-^i-//d:, 

(1,800-1,200) March 3, 1779 
5 7 Battle of Stone Ferry, S. C, Maitland- 

Lincoln, . . (1,200-800) June 20, 1779 
6 7 Savannah, Ga., held, Vk¥.\os,t- Lincoln, 

(2,900-4,500) Oct. 9, 1779 
7'^ Washington in Winter Quarters at Morris- 
town, N. J., . . . . Dec, 1779 
8'^ British Troops in Winter Quarters at New 

York and in South, . . . Dec, 1779 
3^ On the Ocean. Naval Conflict, Flamboro 
Head, Coast of Scotland, Paul Jones-V-ZAV.- 
SON, . (2 Vessels-Squadron) Sept. 23, 1779 
(28) 



No. 23.-2' FRENCH PERIOD. 2' THE CONGRESS. 

Wide No. 18.) 

25 THB CONGRESS. (French Alliance to 

Adams as British Minister.) . . 1778-1779 

1^ Place of Meeting — Philadelphia, 

July 2, 1778-17S3 

2^ Presidents, 

I ^ Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, 

Nov. I, 1777-Dec. 10, 1778 

2^ John Jay, of New York, 

Dec. 10, 1778-Sept. 28, 1779 

3 7 Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, 

Sept. 28, 1779-July 10, 1 781 

3^ Proceedings. 

i"^ Treaties with France, . . Jan. 30, 1778 

2'^ French Treaties received and ratified, May 5,1778 

3^ English Commissioners offer Terms, 

June 13, 1778 

4^ 68,000,000 Currency issued, . . 1778 

5 7 100,000,000 Currency issued to date, 

Dec. 31, 1778 

6^ Adams sent to Paris to treat with England, 

Sept. 27, 1779 

7^ Total Issue of Currency 200,000,000, and 

Press stopped, . . . Dec, 1778 



(29) 



No. 24.-2^ FRENCH PERIOD. 3' THE COLONIES. 

5« THE COLONIES. (Massacre of Wyoming- 
Philadelphia Money Riots. ) . . 1778-1779 

I® Massacre of Wyoming, Pa., . . July 3^ 1778 

2^ New Bedford and Fairhaven, Conn., burned 

by British, .... Sept. 5, 1778 

3^ Louisville founded by Clarke, . . Oct., 1778 

46 Egg Harbor, N. J., . . . . Oct., 1778 

5^ Virginia forms County of Illinois, . Oct., 1778 

6^ Massacre of Cherry Valley, N. Y. , Nov. 19, 1778 

7' New Constitution of South Carolina, . Dec, 1778 

8^ Lexington, Ky. , founded by Clarke, . April, 1779 

9^ Nashville, Tenn. , founded by Robertson, May, 1779 

10^ Virginia plundered by Matthews, . May, 1779 

11^ All States except Maryland ratify Articles of 
', Confederation, . . . July 9, 1779 

( 12* Stony Point, N. Y., taken by British, July 16, 1779 

13^ Tyron plunders Connecticut, . . July, 1779 

14^ Battle of Stony Point, N. Y. , JVayne-]on^so^, 

(1,200-600) July 15, 1779 

15^ Penobscot Expedition a Failure, McLeax- 

Lovell, . . . (3,000-900) Aug. 13, 1779 

16^ Money Riots in Philadelphia, . Oct. 4, 1779 

17^ Patriotism at its lowest Ebb, . . . 1779 



(SO) 



1^0. 25.-3' ROBERT MORRIS PERIOD, 1780-1781. V THE 
CONFLICT. {Vide No. 18.) 

IS TSE CONFLICT. (Surrender of Charleston 

to Surrender of Cornwallis.) May, 1780-Oct., 1781 
1^ Cat'olinas Overt'uu. 

i"^ Lincoln Campaign. 

I* Clinton transfers Conflict to South, Dec, 1779 
2* Clinton before Charleston, . . Feb., 178J 

3* Bat.of Monk's Cor.,S. C.,TARLETON-Z(^«^rr, 

(600-300) April 14, 1780 
48 Fall of Charleston, CLiNXON-Z/z/tW//, 

(9,000-3,700) May 12, 1780 
5^ Bat. of Waxhaw, N. C, Tarleton-^«/6';7/, 

(700-400) May 29, 1780 
6* Bat. of Rocky Mount, S. C. , Sum^er-TuRN- 

bull, . . (600-500) July 30, 1780 

78 Bat. of Hanging Rock, S. C, Sut?iter- 

Brown, . . (600-500 Aug. 6, 1780 

2'' Gates Campaign. "Northern Laurels turned to 
Southern Willows." 
I* Bat. of Sanders' Creek, CoRNWALLis-6^^/^i', 

(3,000-2,200) Aug. 16, 1780 
2 8 Bat. of Fishing Creek, S. C., Tarleton- 

Sumter, . . (350-700) Aug. 18, 1780 

38 Bat. of King's Mountain, N. C, Campbell- 

Ferguson, . (900-1,100) Oct., 7, 1780 
3' Greene Campaign. 

I* Bat. of Cowpens, S. C. , J^r^aw-TARLETON, 

(900-1,100) Jan. 17, 1781 
2 8 Bat. of Guilford C. H. i Greensboro), N. C. , 
Cornwallis- G^;w«^, 

(2,400-4,400) March 15, 1781 
38 Bat. of Hobkirk's Hill, S. C, Rawdon- 

Greene, . . (1,200-900) April 25, 1781 

4* Bat. of Eutaw Springs, S. C. , Greene- 

Stuart, . . (2,000-2,800) Sept. 8, 178; 
2* Northern Army. 

i"^ Knvphausen leaves New York and burn.s 

Connecticut Farms. N. J., June 7, 1780 

2 7 Bat. of Springfield, N. J., G/re/ic-Ki^y- 

PHAUSEN, . (3,000-5,000) June 23, 1780 

3^ Arno/iTs Treason, . . . Sept. 23, 1780 

4^ Andre's Execution, . . Oct. 2, 1780 

(31) 



5'' Mutiny of Pa. and N. J- Troops at Morris- 
town (IVas/iingfon's Win. Quar.), Jan., 1781 
6^ Robert Morris maintains the Army, . 1781 

5' The Last < ampaiffn of the War, 

i'^ CoRNWALLis at Petersburg, Va., May 20, 1781 
2'^ Fr. Fleet arrives at Chesap'e Bay, Aug. 31, 1781 
3^ Brit. Sur. at Yorktown, Washingion-CoKH- 

WALLis, . ' 16,000-7,500) Oct. 19, 1781 
4'^ Continentals in Winter Quarters at High- 
land; British at New York, . Dec, 1781 



No. 26 -3' ROBERT MORRIS PERIOD, 1780-1781. 2' THE 
CONGRESS, ii/ide No. 18.) 

25 THE COJS^GMESS. (New Tenor to Bank of 

North America.) . 1780-1781 

1^ Place of Meeting — Philadelphia. 
2^ Presidents, 

i' Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, 

Sept. 28, 1779-July 10, 1 781 
2^ Thomas McKean, of Delaware, 

July 10, 1781-N0V. 5, 1781 
3'' John Hanson, of Maryland, 

Nov. 5, 1781-N0V. 4, 1782 
56 Proceedings. 

1'' The New Tenor, .... Feb., 1780 
2'^ Morris forms Bank which provides for Sol- 
diers, ..... May, 1780 
3'^ Continental Money to pass at its Market 

Value, ..... Sept.^ 1780 
4' Robert Morris, Superintendent of Finance, 

Feb. 20, 1781 
5'^ Close of Continental Congress, March i, 1781 
6'^ Beginning of Government of Confederation, 

March 2, 1781 
7 7 Thousand Dollars of Paper equal to One 

of Specie, . . . . March, 1781 

8' Morris' Bank of North America authorized, 

May 26, 1 781 
9'^ Laurens arrives with Money from France, 

Aug. 25, 1781 
(82) 



5* ROBERT MORRIS PERIOD. 2' C0NGRES6-(Contmued.) 

lo'^ Paper Money worthless and out of Circu- 
lation, .... Oct. -Nov. , 1 78 1 
11'^ Congress gives Thanks, . Oct. 24, 1781 

12^ Bank of North America incorporated, 

Dec. 31, 1781 



No. 27.-3^ MORRIS PERIOD, 1780-1781. 3' THE COLONIES. 

3s THE COLONIES. (Murder of Mrs. Cald- 
well to Thanksgiving. ) . . . 1780-1781 
i^ The wonderful Dark Day, . . May 19, 1780 ^^ 

2^ Knyphausen murders Mrs. Caldwell at Con- 
necticut Farms, N. J., . . June 5, 1780 
3^ Arnold ravages Virginia, . . . Jan., 1781 

4^ Maryland ratifies Articles of Confederation, 

March i, 1781 
5^ Tarleton almost captures yi'^'n-*?/; at Charlottes- 
ville, Va., .... June 4, 1781 
6^ Execution of Col. Hayne at Charleston, S. C, 

Aug. 4, 1781 
7® Arnold burns and butchers at New London, 

Conn., . . . . . Sept., 1781 

8^ Vermont negotiates with British, . . Oct., 1781 

9^ Thanksgiving, .... Oct. 24, 1781 v 



(3t) 



No. 28 -P SEPARATION. 3' RECOGNIZED. V THE CON- 
FLICT. Wide No. 3.) 

1* THE CON FLIC T, (Surrender of Cornwallis 

to IVas/n'ngton's Resignation.) . . 1781-1783 

1 5 P/V^cw^ ravages the Cherokee Country, . Jan., 1782 
2 5 Treaties with Cherokees and Creeks by Georgia, 

Oct., 1782 
35 Washington refuses a Crown, . . May 22, 1782 )ly 

45 Washington dissuades his Officers from threaten- 
ing Congress (Newburg Address), March 15,1 783 
5^ Cessation of Hostilities, . . April 19, 1783 

6^ Pennsylvania Soldiers threaten Congress, June, 1783 
7^ British evacuate Savannah, . . July 11, 1783 

8^ American Officers form "Order of the Cin- 
cinnati," ..... Aug., 1783 
K 95 Army disbanded, .... Nov. 3, 1783 
10^ British evacuate New York, . . Nov. 25, 1783 
11^ Washingt07i' s Farewell to his Officers, Dec. 4, 1783 
^2^ British evacuate Charleston, . . Dec. 14, 1783 
13- Washington resigns, . . . Dec. 25, 1783 



(34^ 



No. 29 -V SEPARATION. 3' RECOGNIZED. 2' THE CON- 
GRESS. Wide No 3.) 

2^ THE CONGRESS. (Surrender of Corn- 

» wALLis-/Fd;j'///«^/(?// resigns.) . . 1781-1783 

1^ Places of Meeting, 

1 6 Philadelphia, . . July 2, 1 778-1 783 

26 Princeton, N. J., . June 30, 1783-Nov., 1783 
36 Annapolis, Md., . Nov. 5, 1783-Nov. 3, 1784 

25 Presidents. 

i^ John Hanson, of Md., Nov. 5, 1781-Nov. 4, 1782 
2^ Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, 

Nov. 4, 1782-N0V. 3, 1783 
3^ Thomas Miffin, of Pa., Nov. 3, 1783-Nov. 30, 1784 



Proceedings. *• v 


' f 


i^ Calls upon States for Revenue, April 26, 


1783 


2 6 Sends Jefferson to Europe, . . May, 


1783 


36 Treaties. 




1 7 France, .... Jan. 30, 


1778 


2 7 Holland, . . . April 19, 


1782 


3'^ England (2d Treaty of Paris). 




I* Preliminary, . . Sept. 3, 


1783 


2* Definitive, . . . Nov. 30, 


1783 



1 9 For United States. 

i^<* Independence. 

2 1*' Territory North to Lakes; West to 
Mississippi. 

3^^ Freedom of Newfoundl'd Fisheries. 

4^*^ Freed6m of Mississippi. 

510 Pay for Deported Slaves. 
2^ For Great Britain. 

i^" Retain Canada. 
■ 2 1 <• Sole Control of St. Lawrence. 
3 9 For Spain. 

I ^ " All West of Mississippi. 



210 Florida. 




• 


4' Sweden, 


Feb. 5, 


1783 


5'^ Denmark, 


Feb. 25, 


1783 


6' Spain, 


. March 24, 


1783 


7'^ Russia, . 


. • July, 


1783 


87 Prussia, . 




178'; 



(35) 



No SO-r SEPARATION. 3' RECOGNIZED. 3' THE.GOL- 

ONIES. Wide No. 3.) 

3* TSB COLO]\IES. (Surrender of Corn- 

WALLis to Washington's Resignation). 1781-1783 

1 5 Washington's Farewell Letters to the States, 

June i8, 1783 

a« Troops furnished (Annual Terms of Service): 

16 New Hampshire, 12,497 

2^ Massachusetts, 67,907 

36 Rhode Island, 5,9°^ 

46 Connecticut, 3i'939 

56 New York, i7>78i 

6^ New Jersey, 10,726 

76 Pennsylvania, 25,678 

8^ Delaware, 2,386 

96 Maryland, i3'9i2 

10^ Virginia, 26,678 

116 North Carolina, 7.263 

12^ South Carolina, 6,417 

13* Georgia, 2,679 



(36) 



No. 81.-2' OR'IANIZATION. {Vide No. 3.) 
1" DEMOBALIZATIOK, (Second Treaty 

of Paris-Shay's Rebellion.) . . 1783-1785 
i^ Agitation for Repudiation. 
2* Impotence of Congress. 
2^ COJSnCTlOJ^—Sh^'^ Rebellion, . .1786 
I* Extortions of Lawyers. 
2* Officers aristrocratic. 
3* Not enough Inflation of Currency. 

3" COJSfVEBSIOJ^, 1787 

I* Ordinance of ^87 for Government of Terri- 
tories, July 13, 1787 

2* Federal Constitution. 

I* Annapolis Convention recommends a Con- 
stitutional Convention, . . Sept., 1786 

2^ Philadelphia Convention adopts Federal 

Constitution, . May 25-Sept. 17, 1787 

3S Constitution ratified, . . Sept., 1788 

3* First Federal Election, . . . Sept. 13, 1788 



(87) 



No. 32.-3^ NATIONALIZATION. (Vide No. 3.) 
1^ FEDERALISTS. (Washington to Jef- 
ferson.) 1789-1801 

1 4 Washington (Federalist), . . . 1 789-1 797 
2^ Adams, John (Federalist), . . . 1797-1801 

2^ ANTl-FEUERALISTS-'Bepubli- 
cans— Democrats, (Jefferson to 

Monroe.) 1801-1817 

I* Jefferson (Anti-Federalist), . . . 1 801-1809 
2* Madison (Anti-Federalist), . . . 1809-1817 

38 jv^ TIONA LREP UBL ICANS, (Mon 

roe to Jackson.) .... 1817-1829 
I* Monroe (Anti-Federalist), . . . 1817-1825 
2* Adams, J. Q. (National Republican), . 1 825-1829 



(38) 



tto. S3~V fEDERAUSTS. V WASHINGTON'S ADM IN IS- 
TaATUN. iVide No. 3.) 

/* TT^^SfBTiV^GfTOJV^ (Federalist), . . 1789-1797 
I ® State, Treasury and War Departments and Fed- 
eral Judiciary organized, .... 1789 
Xz^ First Tariff Act (High Tariff), . July 4, 1789 

3^ First Ten Amendments, . . . 1789-1791 
4^ Hamilton's Report on Public Debt, Jan. 9, 1790 

5 5 National Capitol Bargain, . . . Aug., 1790 
/<^ 6 ^ JVational Bank established at Philadelphia, 

March 4, 1791 
)C. 75 First Fugitive Slave Bill, . . Feb. 12, 1793 
y^ 85 Whitney s Cotton Gin, .... 

95 Citizen Genet, Minister from France, April 9, 179J 
io^ Proclamation of Neutrality between England 

and France, .... April 22, 179; 
ii^ Indians on the Maumee defeated by Wayne, 

Aug. 20, 179 n 

12^ Whisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania. Aug. 20, 179) 

135 XI. Amendment (Repudiation), . . . 179^ 

Vc; 14^ Jay's Treaty with England Ratified, June 20, 1795, 

158 Washington's Farewell Address, . Sept. 17, 1796 



(89) 



No. 34 -V FEDERALISTS. 2' ADAMS' ADMINISTRATION. 
{Vide No. 3.) 

2^ JOHN ADAMS (Federalist), . . 1797-1801 

1 5 X. Y. Z. Mission, .... July, 1797 

2^ Quasi French War, . May, 1798-Sept. 30, 1800 

/V.^ 3 5 Alien (June 25) and Sedition (July 14) Laws, 1798 

4^ Kentucky (Nullification) Resolutions of '98 

and '99, • . Nov. 10, 1798; Nov. 14, 1799 
5 5 Virginia (Nullification) Resolutions of '98, 

Dec. 24, 1798 
6^ Constitution (American Frigate, Captain Trux- 
ton) captures L'Insurgente (French Frigate), 

Feb. 9, 1799 
7 5 Death of Washington, . . . Dec. 14, 1799 
8 5 Congress first meets at Washington, Nov. 17, 1800 
9 5 Navy Department established, . . Nov., 1800 
/^ lo^ Treaty with France, . . . Sept. 20, 1800 
1 1 5 First Presidential Election by House of Repre- 
sentatives (Jefferson), , . Feb. 17, 1801 



(40) 



No. 35.-2' REPUBLICANS OR ANTI-FEDERALISTS, OR 

DEMOCRA TS. JEFFERSON'S ADMINISTRA TION. 

{Vide No. 3.) 

1* J i: FFI:BS0N (RepuUica.n), . . 1801-1809 
1 5 First Written Presidential Message, Dec. 7, 1801 
JkC 2 5 Tripolitan War, . June 10, 1801-June 3, 1805 

3 5 Louisiana Territory purchased of France, 

April 30, 1803 
45 Lewis & Clarke's Exploring Expedition begins 

its march, .... May 14, 1804 

^^5^ Burr murders Hamilton, . . July 11, 1804 
6 5 XII. Amendment to Constitution (Presidential 

Election), .... Sept. 28, 1804 

7^ First Inter. Imp. (National Road from Maryland 

to Ohio,) .... March 24, 1806 

(/ 8 5 Burr arrested for Treason, . . Feb. 19, 1807 

9 5 Foreign Slave Trade abolished, and Coastwise 

Slave Trade provided for, . Feb. 27, 1807 
lo^ Jefferson suppresses Monroe-Pinkney Treaty 

(1806) with England, . . March 2, 1807 

11^ Chesapeake Outrage, . . . June 23, 1807 

12^ Fulton's First Steamboat, . . Sept. 4, 1867 

13^ Embargo Act, .... Dec. 22, 1807 

145 Non-Intercourse Law, . . . March i, 1809 



(41) 



No. 36.-2'- ANTI-FEDERALISTS. MADISON'S AD- 
MINISTRATION. (Vide No. 32.) 

2^ 3i'^DJ>SO^(Republican or Democrat), 1809-1817 

V^ 1 5 Battle of Tippecanoe, . . . March 9, 18 12 

2^ West Point Military Academy put on its Present 

Basis, April, 181 2 

y 3^ Declaration of War with England* (1812-1815), 

June 19, 1812 

4^ English Orders in Council repealed, June 23, 1812 

55 "Impressment" Sole Ground of War, Nov. 4, 18 12 

6^ English burn Washington City, Aug. 24-25, 1814 

7 5 Hartford Convention, . . Dec. 15, 18 14 

8^ War with England closed by Treaty of Ghent, 

Feb. n, 1815 

9 5 Algerine War, ■ . . March 2-June 30, 1815 

lo^ National Bank incorporated. April 10, 18 16 

II 5 First Ocean Steamer crossed Atlantic, . , 1818 

* For Incidents of War vide Nos. 37 and 38 



y~ 



(*) 



No. 37.-3' SECOND ENGLISH WAR, 1812-1814. 

(Vide No. 5^.) 

J« MTLITAMY BATTLES.^ 

1 7 Brownstown, Mich., Tecumseh-^« Horn, 

(600-200) Aug. 5, 1812 
2 7 Maguaga, Mich., J////(?r-TECUMSEH, 

(600-900) Aug. 9, 1 81 2 
3' Queenstown, Can.. Brock- ^« Rensselaer, 

(2,500-1,200) Oct. 13, 1812 
4'' Frenchtown, Mich., Vroctor- JVmc/iesfer, 

(1,500-800) Jan. 22, 1813 
^"^ York (Toronto), Can., /*zXv-Sheaffe, 

(1,700-1,500) April 27, 1813 
6^ Fort Meigs (on Maumee), O., C/ay-F roctor, 

(1,200-2,000) May 5, 1813 
7^ Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. , B row n-F rev os,r, 

(1,000-1,000 ( May 29, 1813 
8^ Fort Stephenson (Sandusky R.), O., Croghan- 

Proctor, . . (150-1,300) Aug. 2, 1813 
9^ Thames, Can., Harrison-VROCIOR, 

(2,500-2,000) Oct. 5, 1813 
lo^ Chrysler's Field, Can., MoRRisoti- Boyd, 

(2,000-1,200) Nov. II, 2813 
11^ La CoUe (Sorel R.), Can., YixncocK.- Wilkinson, 

(2,000-4,000) March 30, 18 14 
12^ Chippewa (Niagara R.), ^r^7t:'A--RiALL, 

(1,900-2,100) July 5, 1814 
t^ 13'^ Lundy's Lane (Niagara R. ), ^;'»7<;';^-Drummond, 

(3,500-5,000) July 25, 1814 
14'" Fort Erie, Can., Gaines-DR\]uuo^T>, 

(2,500-5,000; Aug. 15, 1814 
15'^ Bladensburg, Md., ^oss- Winder, 

(5.000-3.500) Aug. 24, 1814 
16^ Plattsburg (Lake Champlain), N. Y., Maconib- 

Prevost, , (3,000-14,000) Sept. II, 1814 

177 North Point, Md., '^roovje.- Striker, 

(5,000-2,000) Sept. 12, T814 
18' Fort McHenry (Baltimore j, Md., Armstead- 

Cochrane, . (1,000-16 ships) Sept. 13, 1814 
19' Fort Bowyer (Gulf of M.), Ala., Lawrence- 

NiCHOLLS, . . (120- ) Sept. 15, 1814 
20'' Fort Erie, Can., -5n?z*7«-DRUMMOND, 

(2,500-3,500) Sept. 17, 1814 
21'^ New Orleans, y^7ry^^i7;2-PACKENHAM, 
... — (6,000-12,000) Jan. 8, 1815 

•Taken from Anderson's Grammar School History. 



i- 



. 38.-3' SECOND ENGLISH WAR. 181 2-1 8U (Vide No. 35.) 



2^ NAVAL BATTLES'^ 

1 7 Off Newfoundland, /'c'/7'<fr-LAUGHARNE, 

Frig. Essex-Sloop Alert, Aug. 13, 
2"^ Off Massachusetts, ZT/^/Z-Dacres, 

Frig. Constitution-Frig. Guerriere, Aug. 19, 
3 7 Off North Carolina, yi^w^^-WHiNYATES, 

Sloop Wasp-Brig Frolic, Oct. 18, 
4'^ Near Canary Islands, I?eca/ur-CAKDEJ^, 

Frig. United States-Brig Macedonian, Oct. 25, 
5 7 Off San Salvador, Ba i;il?n'dge-'L aubert, 

Frig. Constitution-Brig Java, Dec. 29, 
6"^ Off Demara, Lmarence-FEAKE, 

Sloop Hornet-Brig Peacock, Feb. 24, 
7'^ Massachusetts Bay, Broke- La7C'fY/ia', 

Frig. Shannon-Frig. Chesapeake. June i, 
8 7 British Channel, MAPLES-yi//r/7, 

Sloop Pelican-Brig Argus, Aug. 14, 
9 '7 Off Coast of Maine, Bi^rroias-BhYTHE, 

Brig Enterprise-Brig Boxer, Sept. 5, 

y^io"^ Lake Erie, /'.ir^j-BARCLAY, 

•' 9 vessels, 54 guns-6 vessels, 63 guns, Sept. 10, 

1 1 '7 Harbor of Valparaiso, Hillyar and Tucker- 

Poiie7\ Brig Phoebe and Sloop Cherub-Frig. 

Essex, ..... March 28, 

12^ Off Coast of Florida, JVarringto?i-\\ ai.es, 

Sloop Peacock-Brig Sepervier, April 29, 
13'^ Near British Channel, ^AzX'^'/v-Manners, 

Sloop Wasp-Sloop Reindeer, June 28, 
147 Near Africa, ^Az^^/f-Arbuthnot, 

Sloop Wasp- Sloop Avon, Sept. i, 
1 5 '7 Lake Champlain, McDonoiigh-DowaxE, 14 ves- 
sels, 86 guns-17 vessels, 95 guns, Sept. 11, 
16'' Lake Borgne (La.), LocKYER-y^;;^.y, 

40 barges-5 gunboats, Dec. 14, 
177 Off New Jersey, YiAWES-Daatur, 

Squadron- Frig. President, Jan. 15, 

18'' Off Madeira Is. , Ste7aart-¥ aeco^ and Douglass, 

Frig. Constitution-Ships Cyane and Levant, 

Feb. 20, 
197 Off Brazil, ^/lay/^-DiCKiNSON, 

Sloop Hornet-Brig Penguin, March 23, 

~Taken from Anderson's Grammar School History. 

(44) 



812 
812 
812 
812 
812 

813 
813 
813 
813 
813 

814 
814 
814 
814 
814 
814 
814 

814 

814 



No. 39.-3' NATIONAL REPUBLICANS. V MONROE'S ADMIN- 
ISTRATION. {Vide No. 32.) 

V MOJVnOE'SADMIJVISTBATIO]^,mi-l^2Z 

1° Renewal of Tariff of i8i6, .... 1817 

2 5 Colonization Society (Pro-Slavery), . . 181 7 
35 The Stars and Stripes on the United States Flag 

legalized, . . . . . .181-7 

4^ First Claim that Congress should support Slavery, 1 8 1 7 
55 Nucleus of New (Whig or National Republican) 

Party — Clay, Leader, . . . .1818 

6^ Andrew Jackson in Florida (Seminole War), 1818 

y\ 7 5 Florida purchased, . . .' Feb. 22, 181 9 

35 Financial Depression, . . . . .1818 
9^ Missouri Compromise, . . . March 2, 1820 
lo^ Era of Good Feeling — Dissolution of Federal 

Party, 1821-1825 

\;£_ II 5 Monroe Doctrine (President's Message), Dec. 22,1823 

'\/i2^ "Tariff of 1824," 1824 

132 Benjamin Lundy at Baltimore, . . . 1824 
V 14^ Visit of Lafayette, . . . Aug. 15, 1824 

15' Election of John Quincy Adams by House of 

Representatives, .... Feb., 1825 



(46) 



No. 40.-3' NATIONAL REPUBLICANS. 2* JOHN QUINCf 
ADAMS' ADMINISTRATION. {Vide No. 32.) 

2* JOHN QV INC Y ADAMS' ADMIN- 

ISTMATION (Nat. Republican;, "825-1329 

1 5 Supposed Clay Bargain, . . March 4, J.S25 

2* Georgia defies the Government, . . April, 7225 

3 5 National Republican Party formed, . . 1825 

y 4^ Removal and Civilization of Indians begun, . 1825 

5 5 The Present Name of the Present Democratic 

Party adopted, 1826 

6^ Miner, of Pennsylvania, starts Reformation in 

the House, Jan., 1826 

7^ Death of Adams and Jefferson, . July 4.; 1826 

8^ England pays for Deported Slaves, . . 1827 

9^ Anti-Masonic Party, 1827 

io5 Tariff of 1828, 1828 

11^ Imprisonment for Debt abolished, • . . 1828 

12^ Garrison and Lundy join Hands, . . . 1828 

13^ Constitutionality and Expediency of Protection 
and Internal Improvements sanctioned by 
both Houses (Democrats in Majority), . 1829 

14' Lundy announces the Plot to purchase Texas, 1829 



f46l 



No. 4l-r AGITATION. {Vide No. 4.) 
t^ DEMOCRATS, (Jackson to Harrison.) 

I* Jackson (Democrat), .... 

2* Van Buren (Democrat), 
2^ WHIGS. (Harrison to Taylor.) . 

I* Harrison (Whig) and Tyler (Democrat), 

2* Polk (Democrat), 

38 FItEE SOILEBS, . 

I* Taylor and Fillmore (Whigs), 
2^ Pierce (Democrat), 
3* Buchanan (Democrat), 



1829-1841 
1829-1837 
1837-1841 

1841-1849 
1841-1845 
I 845-1 849 

1849-1861 
1849-1853 

1853-1857 
1857-1861 



(47^ 



i ^Jj^- 



No. 42 -r DEMOCRATS. P JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION. 

(See No. 41.) 
1* JACKSOJS (Democrat), . . . 1829-1837 

\/ 1 5 "Rotation in Office" inaugurated in the Civil 

Service, ....... 1829 

2 5 Garrison imprisoned in Baltimore, . . 1830 

3 5 ''The Great Debate" in the Senate (Webster 

and Hayne), ..... Feb., 1S30 

4^ Garrison issues, in Boston, First Number of ' ' T/ie 

Liberator,' ..... Jan., 1831 

55 First National Presidential Conventions (Anti- 
Masonic, Sept. 1831; National Republican, 
Dec. 1831; Democratic, March, 1832), 1831-1832 

6^ Bill to renew National Bank Charter vetoed, . 1832 

^ 75 Tariff of 1832, 1832 

yC_85 " Nullification" Rebellion of South Carolina, 1S32 

9 5 Clay's Worst Compromise (Tariff of '33), . 1833 

10^ Removal of Deposits from National Bank to State 

(Pet) Banks, Oct., 1833 

\/ 11^ Organization of American Anti-Slavery Society 

at Philadelphia (Abolitionists), Dec. 5, 1833 

125 National Republican Party merges into Whig 

Party, 1 834-1835 

135 Pinckney's ' 'Gag Resolution, " preventing Debate 
on Slavery Petitions, adopted in House, 

May 26, 1836 

145. Calhoun's State Rights Resolution, suppressing 

"Incendiary Publications," lost in Senate, 1836 

156 War for Support of Slavery (Second Seminole 

War), > 1834-1842 

i65 Distribution of Surplus Revenues, Jan. i, 1837 

(481 



No, 43 -P DEMOCRATS 2' VAN BUREN'S ADMINISTRA 
TION. Wide No. 41.) 

2* VAIf BVMEW (Democrat), . . 1837-1841 

1 5 Financial Panic, '37, . . . . .1837 

2 5 Osceola, Seminole Chief, captured under a Flag 

of Truce, .... Oct. 21, 1837 

3 5 Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy murdered by a Mob 

X instigated by John Hogan, at Alton, 111. ; 

First Martyr to Freedom, . Nov. 7, 1837 

V/ 4^ Removal of Cherokees, .... 1838 

5^ First Secession on Account of Slavery, . . 1838 

6 5 "Atherton Gag" Resolution, prohibiting Debate 

on Slavery Petitions, . . . Dec, 1838 

7^ First Attempt to annex Texas, . . . 1838 

85 National Liberty (Abolition) Party founded at 

Albany, ..... April i, 1840 

9 5 Sub-Treasury Bill passed, .... 1840 

10 5 Culmination of Slave Power, . . . 1840 



(49) 



No.44.-2' WHIGS. V HARRISON ANDT^LER. {VideNoAh) 

1' HARItlSON ANn TYLER (Whig), 1841-1845 
I ^ Harrison (Whig) served one Month, 

March 4-April 4, 1841 
2^ Sub-Treasury Bill repealed, . . Aug. 17, 1841 
36 National Bank Bill vetoed, . . Aug. 19, 1841 
4^ President vetoes his own Bill, . Sept. 9, 1841 
5 8 Whigs publicly declare President not a Whig, 

Sept. 13, 1841 
6® House fails to censure J. Q. Adams for intro- 
ducing a Petition for Disunion, Jan. i, 1842 
7 ^ House censures Joshua R. Giddings for opposing 

Slavery, ..... March 22, 1842 
8^ Giddings re-elected; returns to the House, 

May 30, 1842 
96 Tariff of '42, .... Aug. 9, 1842 

Y ^10^ Treaty with England; Northeast Boundary set- 

/ tied, ..... Aug. 20, 1842 

11^ Anti-Slavery Whigs warn People of Scheme to 

annex Texas, .... Dec. 5, 1842 

12^ Bill to test Electro-Magnetic Telegraph, . 1843 

13° Annexation of Texas a Party Issue, . . 1844 

14*^ First Telegram from Baltimore to Washington 

announcing Nomination of Polk, . . 1844 

15^ Abolitionists (Liberty Party) cause Defeat of 

Whigs, 1844 

16® Adams secures the Rescindment of Gag Rule 

of 1837, 1845 

178 Last Threat of Violence by Slaveholders upon 

Northern Members — Giddings, . Feb., 1845 

18' Annexation of Texas (many Northern Demo- 
crats leave Party), . . . March i, 1845 
(50) 



No. 45-2' WHIGS. 2' POLK'S ADMINISTRATION. 
(\/id(iNo.41.) 

2^ POLK'S ADMINISTBATION (Dem 

ocrat), 1845-1849 

1 5 Mexican War (vide No. 46), 

April 24, 1846-July 4, 1848 

X^ I ^ Taylor's Campaign in Northern Mexico, ■ > • - 

April 26, 1846-Feb. 23, 1847 

\^ 2^ Fremont's Conquest of California, ^ , , 

March, 1846-Jan. , 1847 

3^ Kearney's Conquest of New Mexico, .... 

June 26, 1846-Aug. 18, 1846 

4^ Doniphan's Expedition in Southern New 

Mexico, . Nov. 2, iS46-June 15, 1847 

5 ^ Scott in Central Mexico, '~ 

March 9. iS47--Sept. 14, 1848 

V_. 6^ Treaty of Peace witli Mexico, Feb. 2, 1848 C-i^Vw^t'^i-i 

7*5 War officially closed, . . July 4, 1848 

V 2^ Treaty with England (Oregon Boundary set- J< ^^vw. , />^ 
tied), ..... June 15, 1846 

3 5 Naval Academy established by Bancroft (Sec- 
retary of Navy) the Historian, . . 1846 

\/ 4^ Smithsonian Institution established, Aug. 10, 1846 

5 5 Independent Treasury established, Aug. 6, 1846 

V_ 6° Gold discovered in California, . Feb. 9, 1848 

75 Free-Soil Party organized; Van Buren nomin- 
ated by Samuel J. Tilden, . Aug. 9, 1848 

8^ Department of Interior established, March 3, 1849 

9^ Slavery prohibited in Territories; the Beginning 

of the End of the Slave Power, March 4, 1849 

(51) 



No. 46.-P BATTLES OF THE MEXICAN W^R. Vide No. 45. 
IS MEXICAN WA.B, 

i6 Taylor's Campaign, April 26, 1846-Feb. 23, 1847 

i' Near Point Isabel, Arista- T/wni/on, 

( 63) April 24, 1846 

2'^ Between Point Isabel and Matamoras, 

J Va/ke? -Arista, (40-1,500) April 28, 1846 

3 7 Palo Alto, Taylor- Arista, 

(2,300-6,000) May 8, 1846 

4 7 Resaca de la Palma, Wor^/i- Arista, 

(2,200-5,000; Sept. 21, 1846 

5''' Monterey, Ta-ylor- Aupudi a, 

(6,000-10,000) Sept. 24, 1846 

6^ Buena Vista, Tay/or-SANTA Anna, 

(4,700-17,000) Feb. 23, 1S47 

2^ Fremont's Conquest of California, 

March, 1846-Jan., 1847 

36 Kearney's Conquest of New Mexico, 

June 26, 1846-Aug. 18, 1846 

4« Doniphan's Expedition in Southern New Mex- 
ico, . . Nov. 21, 1846-June 15, 1847 

5* Scott's Campaign in Central Mexico, 

March 9, 1847-Sept. 14, 1848 

1 7 Vera Cruz, Sco^-Morales, 

(12,000-6,000) Feb. 28, 1S47 

2'' Cerro Gordo, ScoUtSaista Anna, 

(8,500-12,000) April 18, 1847 

3 7 Contreras, ^-t^/Z-VALENCiA, 

■ 4,000-7,000) Aug. 20, 1847 

4'^ Cherubusco, 6V^//-Santa Anna, 

(8,000-25,000) Aug. 20, 1847 

57 Molino del Rev, JVort/i- Alvarez, 

(3,500-14,000) Sept. 8, 1847 

6 7 Chapultepec, ScoU-Bravo, 

(7,200-25,000) Sept. 13, 1847 

7'^ Huamanhla, LaneSASTA Anna, 

(500-1,000) Oct. 19, 1847 

(5-2) 



No. 47.-3' FREESOILERS. P TAYLOR AND FILLMORE'S AD- 
MINISTRATION. {Vide No. 41., 

1^ TAYLOR AND FILLMORE'S AB- 

MINISTRATION (Whigs), . 1849-1853 
^X^s Squatter Sovereignty, . 

2 5 Death of Calhoun, 

3 5 Clay's Omnibus Bill, 
4^ Nashville Secession Convention, 
5 5 Death of President Taylor, . 

>■ 6^ Fugitive Slave Bill, 

7^ Slave Trade abolished in District of Columbia, 

Sept. 1 8, 1850 
8 5 "Uncle Tom's Cabin" published in 7V^A(?«^/^ra, 

at Washington, . . . . .1850 
9^ Kane's Arctic Expedition, . . . May, 1850 

10^ Charles Sumner elected to the United States 

Senate, April, 185 1 

ii5 Death of Clay, .... June 28, 1S52 
12& Death of Webster^ . . Oct. 24, 1852 



. 1849 

March 31,^1849 j 

May 8, 1850 

June 2, 1850 

July 9, 1850 

Sept. ID, 1850 



(63) 



No. 48.-3' FREESOILERS. 2' PIERCE'S ADMINISTRATION. 

Wide No. 41.) 

2^ PIERCE' S AD WIINISTRATION (Dem- 

ocrat), 1853-1857 

V.1^ Know-Nothing or American Party, . 1853-1856 

/_. 2 5 Gadsen PurchasCj ..... 1853 

30 Second Kane Expedition, May 3, 1853-Oct. 11, 1855 

4^ Walker's Filibustering Expeditions, . 1 853-1 858 

y_ 5^ Kansas-Nebraska Bill (Squatter Sovereignty), 

May 30, 1854 

* 

6^ "Bleeding Kansas," .... 1854-1861 
7^ Disruption of American Party, . June 13, 1856 
8 5 Sumner assaulted by Brooks, . May 22, 1856 

9 5 Organization of Republican Party; Fremont 

nominated .... July 17, 1S56 



r54) 



No. 49.-3' FREt SOILERS. 3' BUCHANAI^'S ADMINISTRA- 
TION. {Viae No. 41.) 



3* 



BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRA- 
TION (Democrat), . . 1857- 
1 5 Dred Scott Decision, . . . March 5, 
2^ Treaty with Denmark (Abolition of Sound 
Dues), . . . . . • March 14, 
3 3 Financial Revulsion, . . Sept. :uid Oct., 
4° United States at War with Brigham Vouiig, 

Sept. 18, t857-April, 

5 5 Right of Siirch abandoned by English Parlia- 
ment, May, 

6^ Treaty with P iraguay, . . . Feb. 10, 

75 Execution of John Brown, . . Dec. 2, 
8^ National Presidential Conventions. 

I ^ Republicans nominate Lincoln and Ha nlin, 

May 16, 
2^ Constitutional Union (Know-Nothing), 
Bell and Everett, . . Mav 19, 

3^ Northern Democrats, Douglas and John- 
son, 
4^ Southern Democrats, 
Lane, 



/ 



lO' 



June 18, 
Breckinridge and 
June 28, 



Lincoln elected, . 

Secession begun. 
i^ South Carolina, 
2^ Mississippi, 
-76 



y^ 



14" 



Florida, 
4^ Alabama, 
56 Georgia, 
6^ Louisia^^a, 
78 Texas, . 

Crittenden Compromise, . . • Jan., 
Southern Confederacy organized at Montgom- 
ery, Ala., .... Feb. 4, 
Peace Convention at Washington, . Feb. 4, 
Morrill Tariff Bill, Final Triumph of "Pro- 
tection," Feb., 

(55) 



Nov., 



Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb 



20, 
10, 
10, 
1 1 . 
18, 
26, 
I. 



1861 
1857 

tS57 

1857 
1858 

1858 
1859 
1859 



i860 

i860 

i860 

i860 
i860 

i860 
I86I 
I86I 
IS6I 
1861 

i86i 
1861 
1861 

i86r 
1861 

1861 



No. 50. -2' EMANCIPATION. (Vide No. 4.) 
1^ SECI^SSIOK. (Inauguration of Lincoln 

to Fall of Fort Sumter.) . March 4-Jul7 21, 1861 
1^ At Home, 
2* Abroad. 

2^ COERCION— Civil War, (Fall of 

Fort Sumter to Surrender of Lee.) . 1861-1865 

1^ First Tear, i86i 

1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3' The 
• Country. 

2'^ Second Year, . . . ' . . 1862 
1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3^ The 
Country. 

3* Third Year, . . .1863 

1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress 3^ The 
Country. 

4* Fourth Year, 1864 

1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3^ The 
Country. 

5* Fifth Year, 1865 

1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3^ The 
Country. 

3» CONCLUSION, (Surrender of Lee to 

Johnson.) April 9-April 15, 1865 

(56) . 



No. 51. -V SECESSION. Wide No. 50.) 
1^ AT H03IE. 

1^ Inauguration of Lincoln, . . March 4, 186 1 
2 5 Confederate Peace Commissioners not recog- 
nized, ..... April 8, 1 86 1 
3 5 Secession completed (see "Secession begun," 

No. 50). 

I® Virginia, .... April 17, 1861 

2^ Arkansas, .... May 6, 1861 

3^ Tennessee, .... May 7, 1861 

4® North Carolina, . . , May 20, 1861 

2^ ABJKOAD Southern Confederacy rec- 
ognised as Belligerents hy 

1 5 England, May 13, 1861 

2^ France, June 10, 1861 

35 Spain, June 17, 1861 

45 Portugal, . . . . July 29, i86j 



m 



No. 52.-2' COERCION. P FIRST YtAR OF CIVIL \NAR. 
V THE CONFLICT. {Vide No. 50.) 

1^ FIBST YEAR, 1861 

1^ The Confiict. 

\ i^ In the East. 

' i'^ Fall of Fort Sumter, April 12, 13, 1861 

1 8 First Gun of War fired, 
>,i 40'clockP.M.,Friday, Aprili2, 1861 

. N 2^ Surrender of Fort, . April 13, 1S61 

y ■ 2'^ McDowell in Eastern Virginia. 

I* First Blood shed in Baltimore, 

April 19, 1861 
28 Arlington Heights occupied; Death 

of Ellsworth, . April 24, 1861 

* _ U_ 38 Bull Run, . . July 21, 1861 

,; y^ 48 Ball's Bluff, . . Oct. 21, 1861 

58 DranesviUe, . . Dec. 20, 1861 

3'^ Butler at Fortress Monroe; Big 

Bethel, . . . June 10. 1861 
\L 4^ McClellan in. West Virginia. 

I* Philippi, . . . June 3. 1S61 

2 8 J?ic/i Mountain, . July 11^ 1861 

38 Carricks Ford, . July 14, r86i 

48 Carnifix Ferry, . Sept. ic. 1861 

58 Cheat Mountain, . Sept. 14- 1861 
/^- 2* In the West — Missouri Campaign. 

iT" BoonciiUc, . . . June 17, 1861 
2 7 Carthage, . . . July 5, 186 1 

3' Lexington, . . . Sept. 20. 186 1 
47 Belmont, . . . Nov. 7 1861 

"sL 3' On Sea and Coast. 

1 7 Fort Hatteras, N. C. , captured, Aug. 29 186 1 
2 7 Port Royal, S. C, taken, Nov. 7, \86i 

\J 3' "Trent Affair;" Seizure of MasoF 

/- andSlidell, . . Nov. 8, «6i 

(68) 



No. 53 -r FIRST YEAR OF WAR. 2' THE CONGRESS. 3' THE 
COUNTRY. (Vide No. 50.) 

2' CONGRESS. 

I* Call for 500,000 Volunteers authorized. 
.2^ Tariffs, . . . Aug. 6 and Dec. 24, 1861 
3^ Army forbidden to surrender Fugitive* Slaves. 
4^ Homestead Law. 
56 "Iron-Clad Oath." 
55 THE COTJKTRY. 

i' President calls for 75,000 Three-Months' Volun- 
teers (First Call), . . . April 15, 1861 
2 ^ The Union War Party. 

36 Riot in Baltimore (First Blood shed), April 19, 1861 
4« President calls for 82,748 Volunteers, . May, 1861 
5* President calls for 500,000 Volunteers. 
6^ Confederate Government at Richmond, July 20, 186 1 
7« "Dark Monday." (Bull Run Disaster.) July 21, 186 1 



(69) 



No. 54.-2' SECOND YEAR {1862) OF WAR. P THE CONFLICT. 
V IN THE WEST. Wide No. 50.) 



/ 



1^ IN THE WEST, . . . . . 
1' To open the Mississippi, 

1 * Memphis and Nashville taken. 

i^ Prestonlmrg, Ky., . . Jan. 9 

2^ Mill Springs, Ky., . . Jan. 19 
3^ Fort Henry, Tenn., < aptured, Feb. 6 
4^ Fort Donaldson, Tenn., taken, Feb. 16 
5^ Nas h'l'ille occ\.\\)\edi, . Feb. 24 

6^ Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing), Tenn., 

April 6, 7 
7^ Island No. 10 (in Mississippi) taken, 

April 7 
8 9 Corinth, Miss., evacuated, May 30 
9^ Memphis surrenders, . June 6 

)^2* Bragg starts for Louisville, Ky., Aug. 27 
1 9 B// ell {alls back to Nashville, Sept. 3 
2^ Buell siud Bragg race for Louisville, 

Sept. 25 
3^ Gen. Buell at'LouuviWe, S.p . 29 
4^ Bragg falls back, . . Sept. -Oct. 
jio Perryville, Ky., . Oct. 8 

2'° Murfreesboro, Tenn., Dec. 31 
5^ luka, Miss,, . . . Sept. 19 
6 9 Corinth, . . . Oct. 4 

38 First Attack on Vicksburg, Dec. 29 
(60) 



1862 



1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 

1862 

1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 

1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 



No. 55-2* SECOND YEAR OF WAR (1862). V CONFLICT CON- 
TINUED. Wide No. 54.) 



2^ IN THJE EAST, 

1^ Against Richmond, 

I* The Advance. 

1 ^ Yorktown, Va. , taken, . . May 4 
2^ Williamsburg, . . . May 5 
3^ Norfolk, Va., surrendered, . May 10 
4^ Fair Oaks, . May 30 and June i 

2 8 Jackson's Division in Shenandoah Valley 
1 9 Cross Keys, . . . June 8 

2 9 Port Republic, . . . June 9 
v^8 The Retreat. 

^x^ Seven Days' Battles, June 25 to July i 
i^** Mechanicsville, . June 26 
2^^ Gaines' Mill, . . June 28 
\_, 3^'* Savages' Station, ,_'June 29 
410 Frazier's Farm, ' . June 30 
510 Malvern, . . . July i 
^' Washington in Danger, 

1 8 Cedar Mountain, . . . Aug. 9 
28 Second Bull Run,, . . Aug. 29 

38 Chantilly, .... Sept. i 
5' J.ee invades 3Iai-yland. 

I* South Mountain, Md., . Sept. 14 

2* Harper's Ferry surrendered, Sept. 15 
3* Antietam, . . . Sept. 17 

4' Lee Retreats, . . . Sept. 19 

5* Fredericksburg, . . Dec. 13 



1862 



862 
862 

86j 
862 

862 
862 

S62 
862 
862 
862 
862 
862 

862 
862 
862 

862 
S62 
862 
862 
86a 



(fil) 



Nk 56.-2* SECOND YEAR OF WAR (1862). V CONFLICT CON- 
TINUED. Wide No. 54.) 

5« ON SEA AND COAST, . 1862 

i' Roanoke Island, N". C, taken, . . Feb. 8, 1862 

y- 2' Monitor and Merrimac in Hampton Roads, 

March 9, 1862 
3' Newburn, N. C, taken, . . March 14, 1862 
4^ Fort Pulaski, Ga.^ taken, . . April 11, 1862 

y^ 5'' 7v7;r^:^///and^«//(?r take New Orleans, April 25, 1862 
6^ Beaufort, S. C, taken, . . April 25, 1862 



(h2» 



No. 57.-2^ SECOND YEAR OF WAR (7862). 2' CONGRESS. 
3' COUNTRY. 

2^ CONGRESS, 1S61 

1^ Legal Tender Act, .... Feb. 25, 1862 
2^ Army not to return Fugitive Slaves, March 13, 1862 
3® Compensated Emancipation enacted, April 10, 1862 
4® Slavery abolished in District of Columbia, Apr. 16,1862 
56 Treaty with England for Suppression of Slave 

Trade, ..... April 25, 1862 

6^ Department of Agriculture established, May 15, 1862 

7^ Pacific Railroad & Telegraph authorized, July I, 1862 

8^ Anti-Polygamy Act, . . . July i, 1862 

9^ Color no Impediment to Evidence, . July 2, 1862 

10* Emancipation of Fugitive Slaves, . July 16, 1862 

11^ Confiscation of Rebel Property, . July 16, 1862 

3« COVNTRT, 



'68) 



No. 58 -2' COERCION. 3' THIRD YEAR OF WAR. CONFLICT 
IN THE WEST, 1863. 

1^ CONFLICT, 1863 

1* In the West. 

i'^ The Reduction of Vicksburg, Feb. .2-July 4, 1863 
I ^ Griersoiis Raid from La Grange, Miss. , to 

Baton Rouge, La., April 17-May i, 1863 
28 Port Gibson, 6^m«/-PEMBERT0N, May i, 1863 
3' Raymond, 6^r««/-GREGG, . May 12, 1863 
48 Jackson, Grant-] ow^'sn o^ y] . E.), May 14, 1863 
5* Champ'n Hills, Cra/zZ-PEMBERTON, May 16, 1863 
6 8 Big Black R., 6^;««/'-Pemberton, May 17, 1863 
78 Vicksburg invested, . . May 19, 1863 
8^ Assault on Vicksburg a Failure, May 22, 1863 
9^ Siege of Vicksburg, , May 23-July 4, 1863 
10* Surrender of Vicksburg, 6^ra«/-PEMBER- 

TON, .... July 4, 1863 

11* Surrender of Port Hudson, ^^«>^^-Gard- 

KER, . . . . July 9, 1863 

2^ Tennessee and Georgia Campaign. 

I* Chattanooga evacuated, Rosecrans-^'&.P'LQG, 

Sept. 18, 1863 
2* Chickamauga, ^^KQQ-Rosecrans, 

Sept. 19, 20, 1863 
3* Army shut up in Chattanooga, 

Sept. 21-N0V. 24, 1863 
4* Lookout Mountain taken (Battle above 

Clouds), Hooker-Ev. AGO, . Nov. 24, 1863 
5* Mission Ridge, Grant-BsLAGG, Nov. 25, 1863 
37 Knoxville Campaign. 

I® Burnside besieged at Knoxville by Long- 
street, .... Nov. 17, 1863 
2* Assault on Knoxville, Burnside-'Lo'iiG- 

STREET, .... Nov. 29, 1863 
38 Siege of Knoxville raised, . Dec. 9, 1863 

4' Morgan's Raid into Ohio. 
(64) 



No 59 -2' COERCION. 3' THIRD YEAR OF WAR. CONFLICT 
IN THE EAST. 1863. 

1^ CONFLICT, 1S53 

2^ In the East, (See No. 58.) 

iT moker relieves Burnside, . . Jan. 26, 1863 

2 7 Chancellorsville, l.E^-Booker, . May 1-4, 1863 

37 Lee's Second Northern Invasion, 

June 3-July 25, 1863 

18 Beverly Ford, masonion-STU akt, June 9, 1S63 
28 Berryville, Rhodks-Mc Reynolds, June 13, 1863 
38 Winchester, EwEti.-Milroj, . June 14, 1S63 
48 Martinsburg, Rhodes- 7;'/^r, . June 14, 1863 
^» Meade relieves Booker, . . June 28, 1863 
68 Gettysburg, Meade-l.EE, . . July 1-3, 1863 
-78 Falling Waters, Xt7/>atnck-?ETTiNCRE\v, 

July 14, 1863 

88 Armies in Former Positions, . July 25, 1863 

S« On the Sea Coast, 

it Charleston Expedition, Beauregard- G^//////^r^, 

July 3-Sept. 17, 1863 

2» Sabine Pass, Texas, Franklin, Sept. 8, 1863 

37 Rio Grande Expedition, ^d!«-^^-BEE, 

Oct. 27-Nov., 1863 

(65) 



No. 60.-2' COERCION. 3* THIRD YEAR OF MR. 2' CON- 
GRESS. 3' COUNTRY. 1863. 

2' CONGRESS. (See No. 50.) . 1863 

1 6 National Bank Law, . . . Feb. 25, 1863 
'C^2^ Habeas Corpus Act, . . . March 3, 1863 

36 Conscription Act, .... March 3, 1863 

4^ Income Tax Law. 

5® XIIL Amendment fails in the House. 

3^ JTHE CO UNTB F, 1863 

Emancipation Proclamation, . . Jan. i, 1863 
2^ Arrest of Vallandingham, , . May 4, 1863 
3<5 New York Draft Riots, . . July 13-16, 1S63 

4^ Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus, Sept. 15, 1863 
5^ Calls for Troops. 

i'' One Hundred Thousand, . . June, 1863 

2 7 Three Hundred Thousand, . . Oct., 1863 

6^ Amnesty Proclamation, . . . Dec. 8, 1863 



(66J 



No. 61.-2' COERCION. 4' FOURTH YEAR OF WAR, 1864. 
5' CONFLICT IN THE WEST, 1864. 

J6 In the West, 1864 

. y I '^ Sherman's Campaign from Vicksburg, Miss. , to 

V_ Meridian, Ala., . . . Feb. 3-26, 1864 

\[ 2"^ /'^/w^r' J Demonstration against Dallas, Ga., 

J*^ Feb. 22-March 10, 1864 

3 7 Banks' Red River Expedition, Mar. 12-May 16, 1864 

1 8 Fort De Russey, Banks-TxY'LOK, March 14, 1864 

2* Sabine Cross Roads, Ta.w.ot^- Banks, April 8, 1864 

38 Pleasant Hill, Banks-TA\i.ov., . April 9, 1864 

48 Forrest's Raid — Jackson, Miss. , to Paducah, Ky. , 

March 23- April, 1864 

1 9 Paducah, Ky., Jlt'cks-FoRREST, March 25, 1864 

2^ Ft. Pillow Massacre, FoRREST-Brad/ord, 

April 12, 1864 

4' 6^ra;z/ appointed Lieutenant-General, March 12, 1864 

x^ 57 Atlanta Campaign, . . . May 5, 1864 

I® Buzzard's Roost, Sherman-] om^STOi^, May 9, 1864 

2* Resaca, Ga., Sherman-] ohhston, May 14, 15, 1864 

38 Rome, Ga., Sherman-] okj^ston, May 19, 1864 

48 New Hope Church, near Dallas, Ga. , S/ierman- 

JoHNSTON, .... May 25-28, 1864 

58 Kenesaw Mountain, .S^^^w^z^-Johnston, 

June 9-July 2, 1864 

6* Kenesaw abandoned, Sherman-] OHNSTOiJ, 

July 3, 1864 

7* Chattahoochee abandoned, . July 9, 1864 

8^ Hood relieves Johnston, . . July 17, 1864 

98 Atlanta, Sherman-HooB, . . July 20-31, 1864 

10* Atlanta captured, Sherman-HooD, Sept. 2, 1864 

6f Nav.al Expedition against Mobile, Farragut, 

Aug. s, 1864 
^67) 



No. 62.-2' COERCION. P CONFLICT IN THE WEST 
CONTINUED, 1864. 

six' 
f Nashville Campaign, . . . Oct. i-Dec. 20, 1864 

1 8 Hood passes north of Chattahoochee, Oct. 2, 1S64 



2* Altoona Pass, Corse-Yioo'D, . 
38 Franklin, Tenn., YLooD-Sc/iq/ield, 
48 Nashville, T/wmas-H.ooT>, . 
r'^ S/ierman's March to the Sea, . Nov 
1 8 Atlanta burned by Sherman^ 
2^ March begun, 
38 Milledgeville entered, . 
4* Griswold, Sherman-YixiUA^ 
58 Sherman invests Savannah, . 
6^ First Message through to the Sea, 
78 Ft. McAllister captured, ^a2^«-BEAUREGUARD, 

Dec. 13, 1864 
8* Sherman received on a Gunboat, . Dec. 13, 1864 
98 Permanent Communication established; Soldiers 

receive Tons of Mail, . . Dec 16, 1864 
JO* Sherman enters Savannah, . . Dec. 21, 1864 



Oct. 5, 1864 
Nov. 30, 1864 
Dec. 15, 1864 
17-Dec. 17, 1864 
Nov. 15, 1864 
Nov. 17, 1864 
Nov. 20, 1864 
Nov. 22, 1864 
Dec. 10, 1864 
Dec. II, 1864 



(68) 



No.63 -2' COERCION. V CONFLICT. 2' IN THE EAST ,1^64. 

2^ In the East, 

i' Toward Richmond. 
V 1 8 Wilderness, Va., Granf-LEE, „ May 5, 6, 1864 
/ 2 8 Spottsylvania C. H. , Va., Grani-L^E, 

May 8-14, 186^ 
38 Taylor's Bridge, Va., Grant-L.EE, May 22, 1864 
4* Cold Harbor, Va. , Grant-L.EE, June 1-3, 1864 
58 James River crossed at Wilcox, Grant, 

June 14, 15, 1864 
6* Grant joins Butler from Fortress Monroe 

before Petersburg, . , June 15, 1864 

7 8 Attack on Weldon Railroad a Failure, Lee- 

Grafit, .... June 21, 1864 
8^ Explosion cf Mine, . . . July 30, 1864 
98 Second Attack on Weldon Railroad a Suc- 
cess, Grant-L.EE, . Aug. i8, 19, 1864 
> ' First Lynchburg Expedition a Failure, Sigel, 

May 1-13, 1864 
3^ Second Lynchb'g Expedition, Hunter, June 1-28, 1864 
4'' Wilson's Raid, . . . June 22-July i, 1864 
I ^.gJZ—Early's Raid up the Shenandoah, July i-Oct. 20, 1864 
I^"*^ I* Enemy before Washington, , July 12, 1864 
2* Chambersburg, Pa., burned, . July 30, 1864 
38 Winchester, Sherz'dan-E arly, . Sept. 19, 1864 
48 Fisher's Hill, S/iert'dan-'E akly, Sept. 22, 1864 
5* Cedar Creek (Sheridan's Ride from Win- 
chester), S/ieri'dan-E ARLY, . Oct. 19, 1864 
6' Naval Expedition against Fort Fisher, Wilming- 
ton, N. C, a Failure, Porter and Butler, 

Dec. 24, 25, 1864 
(69) 



No. 64.-2' COERCION. 2' THE CONGRESS. 3' THE 
COUNTRY. 1864. 

2* THJS CONGRESS, 

1 8 Grade of Lieutenant-General revived, Feb. 29, 1864 
2^ Reconstruction Bill passed, . . May 28, 1864 
3* Fugitive Slave Act repealed, . . June 28, 1864 
4^ Coastwise Slave Trade prohibited, . Nov. i, 1864 
5^ Postal Money Order System established. 

35 THE COUNTRY, 

I ^ Radical Convention nominates Fremont at Cleve- 
land, May 31, 1864 

2^ National Union Convention nominates Lincoln 

at Baltimore, .... June 7, 1864 

3^ Philadelphia Sanitary Fair, . . June 7, 1864 

4^ Niagara Falls Peace Negotiations, . July 12, 1864 

5* Peace Negotiations by Jacques and Gilmore, 

July 17, 1864 

6 8 Louisiana adopts New Constitution abolishing 

Slavery, July 22, 1864 

7^ Democratic National Convention pronounces 
the War a Failure, and nominates McClellan 
at Chicago, .... Aug. 29, 1864 

8^ Lincoln re-elected, .... Nov. 8, 1864 

96 American Union (Refugee) Commission, Oct., 1864 

(70) 



No. 65.-2' COERCION. 5* FIFTH YEAR OF WAR. 7865. 
V CONFLICT, 

1 7 Sherman crosses the Savannah River, Jan. 6, 1865 

2' Fort Fisher, N. C, taken, . . Jan. 15, 1865 

3' Rowanta Creek, Va., Grant-ljEZ, . Feb. 5, 1865 

4^ Sherman occupies Columbia, S. C, . Feb. 17, 1865 

5' Charleston occupied, . . . Feb. 18, 1865 

6^ »S^rOTa)i occupies Wilmington, N. C, Feb. 22, 1865 

7' Sheridan captures Early's Army near Staunton, 

Va., March 2, 1865 

8' Sherman at Goldsborough, N. C, March 19, 1865 

9' Sherman joined by Terry and Schofield at Golds- 
borough, .... March 21, 1865 

lo' Fort Steadman, Grant-LE.^, . March 25, 1865 

11^ Quaker Road, Granf-LEE, . March 29, 1865 

12' Boydton Plank Road, Grant-LEE, March 31, 1865 

137 Five Forks, Grant-ljEE, . . . April i, 1865 

14" Attack on Petersburg, Grant-TjEE, . April 2, 1865 

157 Occupation of Petersburg and Richmond, Grant- 

Lee, April 3, 1865 

16^ Deatonsville, Grant-ltEE, . . April 6, 1865 

\/ 17^ Grant a.xid Lee at Appomattox C. H., April 8, 1865 

j?« CONGJRESS. 

3« COUNTRY. 

(71) 



No. 66.-3* CONCLUSION. SURRENDER OF LEE TO JOHNSON, 
APRIL 9-APRIL 15. 1865. (Vide No. 50.) 

I* Surrender of Lee to Grant at Appomattox C. H.,Va., 

April 9, 1865 

2* Mobile occupied by Canby, . . . April 12, 1865 

3* Sherman occupies Raleigh, N. C, . April 13, 1865 

4* Lincoln assassinated by Booth, . . April 14, 1865 

5* Johnston surrenders to Sherman, Durham, N. C, 

April 26, 1865 

V»'6* JefF. Davis captured at Irwinville, Ga., . May 10, 1865 

7* Taylor surrenders to Caniy at Citron ville, Ala., 

May 10, 1865 

8* KiRBY Smith surrenders Texas forces, . May 26, 1865 

9* Army disbanded, Aug. i, 1865 



(W) 



No. 67.-3^ RE-NATIONALIZATION. {Vide No. 4.) 

1^ BECONSTRUCTION, (Johnson to 

Hayes.) 1855-1877 

I* Johnson (Republican),. . . , 1865-1869 
2* Grant (Repubhcan), ... . . 1 869-1877 

2^ BBSVMJPTIOm (Hayes to Garfield), 1877-1881 
I* Hayes (Republican), . , . . 187 7-1 881 

2^ Garfield (Republican), .... 1881-6 mo. 

33 RECONCILIATION, (Garfield to 

Cleveland), ^1881-1885 



(73) 



Ho. 68.-J0HNS0N'S ADMINISTRATION. Wide No. 67.) 

i* J'0^3^5fOJV (War Democrat), 

April 15, 1865-March 4, 1869 
1 5 International Ocean Telegraph, . Mays, ^^^5 
2^ Amnesty Proclamation, . . . May 29, 1865 
3 5 Thirteenth Amendment (prohibiting Slavery), 

Dec. 18, 1865 
4* Civil Rights Bill, .... April 9, 1866 
5^ Freedmen Bureau Bill, . . . July 6, 1866 
6^ Impeachment President fails, 

Jan. 7, 1867-May 26, 1868 
I* Impeachment Resolution by Ashley, Jan. 7, 1867 
2* Acquittal by Senate, . . May 26, 1868 

7 5 Reconstruction Act, . . . March 2, 1867 

8« Tenure-of-Office Bill, . . . March 2, 1867 
9* Department of Education established, March 2, 1867 
10* Bankruptcy Act, .... March 2, 1867 
II* Death of Maximillian in Mexico, . June, 1867 
12* Fourteenth Amendment (Citizenship, Appor- 
tionment of Representatives, Rebel Debts 
not to be paid), .... July 20, i86f 



(74) 



No. 69 -GRANTS ADMINISTRATION. (Vide No. 67.) 

2* GRANT, 1869-1877 

1 5 Opening of Pacific Railroad, . . . 1869 

i^ Beginning of Santo Domingo Question, Dec, 1869 
3 5 Reconstruction completed (Virginia, Missis- 
sippi and Texas admitted), . . 1869 
4^ Fifteenth Amendment (Right of Suffrage), 

March 30, 1870 
5* "Ku Klux Klan" reported upon in Congress, 187 1 
6« Chicago Fire, .... Oct. 8, 187 1 

7 5 Alabama Claims, .... Sept. 14, 1872 

8* Credit Mobilier Investigation, . Dec. 2, 1872 

9* Failure of Jay Cooke beginning of Financial 

Crisis, ....... 1873 

V lo^ Centennial Exposition, . . . . .1876 

11' Electoral Commission, . . . June 25, 1879 



(75) 



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f76) 



SETTLEMENT AND ADMISSION OF THE STATES. 



SETTLED. 



STATES. 



'Wh'nj 



Where. 



By Whom. 



' ADMIT- 
I TED. 



I DDKING 

|WHOSK ADMIN- 
ISTRATION. 



Virginia, 

New York, 

Massachusetts, 

New Hampshire, 

Connecticut, 

Maryland, 

Rhode Island, 

Delaware, 

i^orth Carolina, 

New Jersey, 

South Carolina, 

Pennsylvania, 

Georgia, 

Vermont, 

Kentucky, 

Tennessee, 

Ohio, 

Louisiana, 

Indiana, 

Mississippi, 

Illinois, 

Alabama, 

Maine, 

Missouri, 

Arkansas, 

Michigan, 

Florida, 

Texas, 

Iowa, 

Wisconsin, 

California, 

Minnesota, 

Oregon, 

Kansas, 

West Virginia, 

Nevada, 

Nebraska, 

Colorado, 



607 Jamestown, 
614 New York, 
620 Plymouth, 
623 Little Harbor, 

633 Windsor, 

634 St. Mary's, 
636 Providence, 
638 Wilmington, 
650 Chowan River, 
664 Elizabeth, 

670 Ashley River, 
682 Philadelphia, 
733 Savannah, 
724 Fort Dummer, 
775 Boonesboro, 
757 Fort Loudon, 
788 Marietta, 
699 Iberville, 
730 Vincennes, 
716 Natchez, 
720 Kaskaskia, 
71 1, Mobile, 
625 Bristol, 
764 St. Louis, 
685 Arkansas Post, 
670 Detroit, 
565 St. Augustine, 
692'San Antonio, 
833 Burlington, 
669 Green Bay, 
769 San Diego, 
846 Si. Paul, 



811 



Astoria, 



English, 

Dutch, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

Swede?, 

English, 

Dutch, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

English, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

French, 

Spaniards, 

Spaniards, 

English, 

French, 

Spaniards, 

Americans, 

Americans, 

Americans, 

English, 

Americans. 



tp 

6 



H 

1791) 
1792 V 
1 796 J 
1802 

l8l2\ 

1816 ) 
1817I 
1818 

1819 [• 

1820 I 

1821 J 

1837/ 
1845 

1845) 
1846 
1848 J 
1850 
1858^ 

1861 j 

11863-. 
1 1864/ 
1867 
1876 



W'ashington. 

Ijefferson. 
Madison. 



Monroe. 

Jackson. 

JTyler. 

Polk. 

Fillmore. 

Buchanan. 

Lincoln. 

Ijohnson. 
Grant. 



CT) 



Constitution of the United States of America. 

Preamble.* 

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect 
union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the 
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings 
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of America. 

Article I. Legislative Department. 

Section I. Congress in General. \ 

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of 
the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives. 

Section II. House of Representatives. 

1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members 
chosen every second year by the people of the several States ; and the 
electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors 
of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to 
the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the 
United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of 
that State in which he shall be chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the 
several States which may be included within this Union, according to 
their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the 
whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a 
term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other 
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years 
after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within 
every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by 
law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for 
every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one represen- 
tative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New 
Hampshire shaU be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode 

* Compare the Preamble with Confederation Articles \. and IIL 
t Compare Article I., g§ I. -VII. with Confederation Article V. 

(78) 



Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York 
six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, 
Virginia ten. North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia 
three. 

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the 
executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such va- 
cancies. 

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Section III. Senate. 

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators 
from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years, and 
each senator shall have one vote, 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the 
first election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three 
classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at 
the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration 
of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth 
year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacan- 
cies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legis- 
lature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appoint- 
ments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill 
such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the 
age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, 
and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for 
which he shall be chosen. 

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the 
Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president 
pro te7npore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exer- 
cise the office of President of the United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. 
When sitting for that purpose, they shall all be on oath or affirmation. 
When the President of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall 
preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of 
two-thirds of the members present. 

7. Judgment in case of impeachment shall not extend farther than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Section IV. Both Houses. 

I The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators 
and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature 
thereof; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such 
regulations, except as to the place of choosing senators. 

(79) 



2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Section V. TJit Houses Separately. 

1. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and quali- 
fications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a 
quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day 
to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent mem- 
bers, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may jiro- 
vide. 

2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two- 
thirds, expel a member. 

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time 
to time publish the same, excepting in such parts^as may in their judg- 
ment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either 
house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, 
be entered on the journal. 

4. Neither house during the session of Congress shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any 
other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Section VI. Disabilities of Members. 

1. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for 
their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of 
the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and 
breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance 
at the session of their respective houses, und in going to or returning 
from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall 
not be questioned in any other place. 

2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he 
was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the 
United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments where- 
of shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding 
any office under the United States shall be a member of either house 
during his continuance in office. 

Section VII. Mode of Passing Laws. 

1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Rep- 
resentatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, 
as on other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives 
and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Presi- 
dent of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, 
he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall 
have orginated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, 
and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds 

i80) 



of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with 
the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- 
sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. 
But in all such cases the voles of both houses shall be determined by 
yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against 
the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If 
any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays 
excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be 
a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their 
adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the 
United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved 
by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and 
limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Section VIII. PoTvers granted to Congress. * 

The Congress shall have power: 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the 
debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the 
United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform 
throughout the United States; 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
States, and with the Indian tribes; 

4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States; 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin, 
and fix the standard of weights and measures; 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

7. To establish post-offices and post-roads; 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing 
for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries; 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and oflenses against the law of nations; 

n. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captures on land and water; 

12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to 
that use shall be for a longer term than two years; 

13. To provide and maintain a navy; 

14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land 
and naval forces; 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions; 

■■■ Compare ?? VIII. and XI. with Conf^d. Art. IX.; clause i of 2 VIII. with Con- 
fed. Art. Vlll.; and clause 13 of ^ VIII. with Confed. Art. VII. 

(81) 



16. To provide for organizing, aiming, and disciplining the militia, 
and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service 
of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appoint- 
ment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according 
to the discipline prescribed by Congress; 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, o^'er 
such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of 
particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all 
places purchased, by the consent of the Legislature of the State in 
which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, 
dock-yards, and other needful buildings; and 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carry* 
ing into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested 
by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any 
department or office thereof. 

Section IX. Powers denied to the United States. 

1. The migvation or importation of such persons as any of the States 
now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the 
Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but 
a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended 
unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may re- 
quire it. 

3. No bill of attainder, or ex-post-fado law, shall be passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 

6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or 
revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall ves- 
sels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties 
in another. 

7. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published 
from time to time. 

8. No title of notability shall be granted by the United States; and 
no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, with- 
out the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign 
State. 

Section X. Powers denied to the State. ^ 

I. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; 
grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills 01 credit; 
make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts: 

<' Compare Article I., 2 X. with Confed. Art. VI. 

(82) 



pass any bill of attainder, ex-post-facio law, or law impairing the obliga- 
tion of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. 

2. No State shall, without the consen' of the Congress, lay any im- 
posts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be j^hsolutely 
necessary for executing its inspection law^ and the net produce of all 
duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports shall be for 
the use of the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be 
subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 

3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement o compact with another State or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as 
will not admit of delays. 

Article II. Executive Department.* 

Section I. Frcsident and Vice-President. 

1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United 
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four 
years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, 
be elected as follows : 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature there- 
of may dire<.t, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of sen- 
ators and representatives to which the State may be entitled in the 
Congress, but no senator or representative, or person holding an office 
of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector, 

3. [The electorsshallmeet in their respective States, and vote by ballot 
for two persons, of whom cue at least shall not be an inhabitant of the 
same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the per- 
sons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the govern- 
ment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The 
President of thf Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House 
of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be 
counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the 
President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors 
appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, 
and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives 
shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if 
no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the 
said House shall in like manner choose the President, But in choosing 
the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation 
from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall con- 
sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a ma- 
jority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, 
after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number 
of votes of the electors shall be the Vice-President, But if there should 
remain two or more who have equal vote, the Senate shall choose from 
them by ballot the Vice-President. ]t 

■' Compare Article IT. with Confol. Art. X. 
t Altered by the Xllth Amendment. 

(83) 



4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, 
and the day on which ihey shall give their votes, v/hich day shall be 
the same throughout the United States. 

5. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
t» the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office vfho shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and 
been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President; and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or in- 
ability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer 
shall then act as President; and such officer shall act accordingly, until 
the disability be removed or a President shall be elected. 

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States, or 
any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the 
following oath or affirmation: 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my 
ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United 
States." 

Sec f ton II. Powers of the President. 

1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy 
of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called 
into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion 
in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments 
upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and 
he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against 
the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

2. He s'hall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present 
concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and 
consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the 
United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided 
for and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by 
law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper 
in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart- 
ments. 

3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Section III. Duties of the President. 

He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information oi the 
state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such meas- 

(84) 



ures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordi- 
nary occasions, convene both houses, or either of ihem ; and in case of 
disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, 
he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall 
receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that 
the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of 
the United States. 

Section IV. Impeachment of the President. 

The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United 
States shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction 
of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Artice III. Judicial Department.* 

Section I. United States Courts. 

The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme 
Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time 
ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior 
courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior; and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not 
be diminished during their continuance in office. 

Section II. Jurisdiction of the United States Courts. 

1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity aris- 
ing under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties 
made or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affect- 
ing ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the 
United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more 
States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens 
of difrerent States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands 
under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens 
thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.! 

2. In all cases aftecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and con- 
suls, aad those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court 
shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, 
the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and 
fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress 
shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in case of impeachment, shall be by 
jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes 
shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, 
the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law 
have directed. 

'•' The Confetleracy had no such provision as Article III. of the Constitution, ex- 
cept the atteni > lo make a Congressional Court in Confed. Art. IX. 
f Altered by Xlth Amendment. 

(85) 



Section III. Treason. 

1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying wai 
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and 
comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testi- 
mony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of trea- 
son ; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or for- 
feiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. The States and the Federal Government.* 
Section I. State Records. 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, 
records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Con- 
gress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, 
records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. , 

Section II. Privileges of Citizens, etc. 

1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and 
immunities of citizens in the several States. 

2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on 
demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be 
delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or reg- 
ulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may 
be due. 

Section III. New States and Territories, f 

1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; 
but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of 
any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or 
more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures 
of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting, the territory or other property be- 
longing to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be 
so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any 
particular State, 

Section IV. Guarantee to the States. 

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a re- 
publican form of government, and shall protect each of them against 

«■ Compare Article IV. with Confed. Art. IV. 

t Compare Article IV., 3 III. with Confed. Art. XI. 



invasion; and, on application of the Legislature, or of the executive 
(when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence. 

Article V. Power of Amendment.''^ 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the 
Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall 
call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, 
shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, 
when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, 
or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode 
of ratification may be proposed by Congress; provided that no amend- 
ment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred 
and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the 
ninth section of the first Article ; and that no State, without its consent, 
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

Article VI. Public Debt, Supremacy of the Constitu- 
tion, Oath of Office, Religious TEST.f 

1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the 
adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States 
under this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall 
be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be 
made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, 
anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not- 
withstanding. 

3. The senators and representatives before-mentioned, and the mem- 
bers of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial 
officers, both of the United States and the several States, shall be 
bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no relig- 
ious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public 
trust under the United States. 

Article VII. Ratification of the Constitution. 

The ratifications of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying 
the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, 
the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
sand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. 



<■ Compare Article V. with Confed. Art. XIII. (last sentence), 
t Compare Article VI., clause i, with Confed. Art. XII.; and clauses a and 3 with 
Confed. Art. XIII. and addendum, "And whereas," '•tc. 



(87) 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 



Article I. Personal Liberty. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assem- 
ble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II. Right of Bearing Arms. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arras shall not be in- 
fringed. 

Article III. Quartering of Soldiers. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, with- 
out the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner lo 
be prescribed by law. 

Article IV. Freedom from Search. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be 
violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, sup- 
ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to 
be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V, Indictment, etc. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infa- 
mous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, ex- 
cept in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when 
in active service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person 
be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or 
limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness 
against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without 
due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use 
without just compensation. 

Article VI. Trial by Jury. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 

(88) 



been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature 
and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against 
him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; 
and to have the assiatance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. Against Second Trial. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preservc'l; a.:d no fact 
tried by a jury shall be otherv.-ise re-examined in any court of the 
United States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. Excessive Impositions. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive firies imposed, nor 
cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. 

Article IX. Other Rights Not Denied. 

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. Powers Reserved.* 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively 
or to the people. 

Article XI. Repudiation AMEND:\ii£:-.T.f 

The judicial power of the United States shall not Ivi < on'^trued to 
extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against 
one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or 
subjects of any foreign State. 

Article XII. Presidential Elections. J 

I. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall 
not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall 
name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct 
ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make dis- 
tinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of ail persons voted 
for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists 
they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of govern- 
ment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; 

* Compare the Xth Amendment with Confed. Art. II. The first ten Amendments 
were proposed by C.jn4;re»s, September 25th, 1789, and declared in force, December 
15th, 1791. 

t Proposed by Congress, March 5th, 1794, and declared in force, January 8th, 1798. 

I Proposed by Congress, December I2tn, 1803, and declared in force, September 
25t!i, 18^4. 

(.0 



the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and 
House of Representatives, open all the certiricates, and the votes shall 
then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for 
President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the 
vvfhole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have such ma- 
jority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceed- 
ing three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of 
Representatives shall choose immediately by ballot the President. But 
in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the rep- 
resentation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose 
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and 
a. majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the 
House of Representatives shall not choose a President, vv^henever the 
right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March 
next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the 
case of death or other constitutional disability of the President. 

2. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President 
shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed, and if bo person have a majority, then 
from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the 
Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two- thirds of 
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. 

3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 

Article XIII. Anti-Slavery.* 

1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment 
for cnme whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 

2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate 
legislation. 

Article XIV. Equal Rights, ETc.f 

1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject 
to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the 
State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the 
United btates; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, 
or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within 
its jurisdiction the equal protectio!! of the laws. 

2. Representatives shall be apporti()ni.:d among the several States ac- 
cording to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of 
persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the 
right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and 
Vice-President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the 
executive and judicial officers of a Stqte, or the members of the Legis- 

'■■' Proposed by Congress, February ist, 1865, and declared in force, December i8th, 
1865. 
t Proposed bw Congress, June i6th, 1866, and declared in force, July aSth, 1868. 

(90) 



lature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitant of such State, be- 
ing twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any 
way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, th-e 
basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which 
the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 

3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or 
elector of President and Vice-President, or holding any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having pre- 
viously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against 
the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But 1!on- 
gress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. 

4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized 
by law, including debts incurred for payment of peniions and bounties 
for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or 
pay any debt or obligation inc»rred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of 
any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held 
illegal and void. 

5. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legisla- 
tion the provisions of this article. 

Article XV.' Negro Suffrage.* 

1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be 
denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legisla- 
tion the provisions of this article. 

* Proposed by Congress, February 26th, 1869, and declared in force, March 30th, 
X870. 



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INDEX 



Adams, J. Q., Administration, 4. 
Agitation, Seventh Period, 5. 
Aborigines, Outlines of, 11. 
Aztec Tradition, 11. 
Algonquin, 11. 

America Discovered by Norwegians, 11; 
Discovered by Columbus, 12; Named 
from Aniericus Vespucius, 12; Circum- 
navigated by Magellan, 12; Northern 
Continent First Discovered by the 
Cabots, 12. 

Ayllon Explores Eastern Const, 12. 

AlarSon Discovers Colorado River, 12. 

Alb^-marle First Settlement in North Caro- 
lina, 13. 

Acadia Oldest Colony on AtIanticCoast,i3 

Aggression, French, 18. 

Appalachian Expedition, 18. 

Acadia Ceded to England, 18. 

Anne's, Queen, War, 18. 

Austrian Succession. King George's 
War, 18. 

Aix la Chapelle, Treaty of, 18. 

Abercrombie's Expedition against Fort 
Ticonderoga, 19. 

Acadians Kidnaped by the English, 19. 

.American Consjresses, 20; Congress,First, 
20; North, Confederacy, 20. 

iLct, Mutiny, 21; Revenue, of '65 Re- 
pealed, 21. 

Adams, J., Chairman of Board of War,23; 
Sent to Paris to Treat with England,29; 
'Administration, 40; Death of, 46. 

Articles of Confederation Reported, 26; 
Adopted, 27; Ratified, 30. 

Arnold's Treason, 31. 

Andre's Execution, 31. 

Amendments to Constitution, First Ten, 
39; XL, 39; XII., 41; XIII. Fails in 
the House, 66; XIII. Published as a 
Law, 74; XIV. Published as a Law, 74; 
XV., 75. 

Army at New York, 22. _ 

Arnold Ravages Virginia, 33; Burns and 
Butchers at New London, Conn., 33. 

American Officers form Order of the Cin- 
cinnati, 34. 

Army Disbanded, 34. 

Alien and Sedition Laws, 40. 

Anti-Federalists, 38. 

Africa, Battle near, 44. 

Adams, J. Q., Elected by House of Rep-| 
resentatives, 45; Administration, 46; 
House Fails to Censure, 50; Secures; 
Rescindment of Gag Rule of 1S37, 50. 

Anti-Slavery Society, 48; Whigs Warn^ 
Public of a Party to Annex Texas, 50. j 

Anti-Polygamy Act, 63. 



Athcrton Gag Resolution, 49. 
Abolitionists Defeat Whigs, 50. 
Arctic Expedition, Kane's, 53; Second,S4. 
American Party. Know-Nothing, Disrup* 

tion, 54. 
Arkansas Secedes, 57. 
Alabama Secedes, 55. 
Arlington Heights Occupied, 58. 
Antietam, 61. 

Agriculture,Department of,Established,63 
Amnesty Proclamation, 66. 
Atlanta Campaign, 67; Captured, 67; 

Burned by Sherman, 63. 
Altoona Pass, 68. 

American Union Commission(Refugee),7a 
Appomattox C. H., Grant-Lee, 71. 
Army Disbanded, 72. 
Amnesty Proclamation, 74. 
Alabama Claims, 75. 

Balboa Discovers Pacific Ocean, 12. 
Baltimore, Lord, Settles Maryland, 13. 
Boundaries, Territorial, 19. 
Battle of Great Meadows, 19. 

Braddock's Defeat, 19. 

Boston Massacre, 21 ; Tea Party, 21 ; Port 
Bill, .21; Neck Fortified, 21. 

Boston, Evacuation of, 22. 

British Imports, Agree not to Use, 21. 

Bunker Hill, Battle of, Howe and Clinton- 
Prescott, 2«. 

Boone, Daniel, in Kentucky, 22. 

Board of War, 22. 

Brandywine, Battle of, Howe-Washing- 
ton, 25. 

Burgoyne Invades New York, 26. 

Bennington, Vt., Battle of, 26. 

Bemus Heights, Battle of, 26. 

Burgoyne, Surrender of, 26. 

Briar Creek, Battle of, 28. 

Bank Formed by Morris, 32; Bank of 
North America Incorporated, 33; First 
National, 39; National, Incorporated, 42; 
National, Bill to Renew Charter Vetoed, 
48; National, Deposits Removed from, 
by Jackson, 48; National, Bill Vetoed, 
50; National, Law, 66. 

British Evacuate Savannah, 34; Evacuate 
New York, 34; Evacuate Charleston,34. 

Boudinot, President of Congress, 35. 

Burr Murders Hamilton, 41; Arrested for 
Treason, 41. 

Brownstown, Mich., Battle of, 43. 

Bladensburg, Md., 43. 

Bowyer, Fort, Battle of, 43. 

British Channel, Battle in, 44; Battle 
near, 44. 

Borgne, Lake, Battle on, 44. 



(98) 



by 



Brazil, Battle off, 44 

Ll.ugaiii, Siippi'Sed Clay, 46 

Bancroft Establishes Muval Academy, 51 

Buena Vista, 52. 

Bleeding Kansas, 54. 

Brooks, Sumner Assaulted hy, 54. 

Brown, John, Execution of, 55. 

Bell and Everett Nominated by Know- 
Nothings, 55. 

Breclanndye and Lane Nominated 
Southern Democrats, 53. 

Baltimore, First Blood Shed in, 58. 

Bull Run, 58. 

Ball's Bluff, 58. 

Butler at Fortress Monroe, 58 ; Butlerand 

Farragut take New Orleans, 6.1. 
Bankruptcy Act, 74. 
Booneville, 58. 
Belmont, 58. 
Bull Run Disaster. Dark Monday, 59; 

Second Bull Run Disaster, 61. 
Bragg Starts for Louisville, Ky., 60. 
Buell Falls Back to Nashville, 60; Buell 
and Bragg Race for Louisville, 60; Buell 
at Louisville, 60. 
Brasg Falls Back. 60. 
Beaufort, S. C, laken, 62. 
Big Black River, 64. 

Burnside Besiet;ed at Knoxville, 64 ; Re- 
lieved by Hooker, 65. 
Beverly Fcrd, 65. 
Berryville, 65. 

Banks' Red River Expedition, 67. 
Buzzard Ror.si, 6;. 
Boydton Plank Road, 71. 

Colonization. The Second Period Ex- 
plained, I. 

Compromise, Missouri, 3. 

Carolinas Discovered by Welsh, 11. 

Columbus Discovers America, 12 ; Founds 
First Colony in Nev.- World, 13. 

Cabots Discover the North American Con- 
tinent, 12. 

Cabot, John, Explorations on which Eng- 
land B.iscd her CI iim t'> T-rriiory, 12. 

Coast, Southern, Discovered by Verraz- 
zani, 12. 

Cordova Explores Yucatan, 12. 

Cortez Coiiqursts Mexico, 12. 

California Gulf Discovered by Cortez, 12. 

Colorado River Discovered by AlarSon,i2. 

Cabrillo E.vplpies Pacific Coast, 12. 



14; of Hartford, 14; Federal, 37; Text 
of Federal, 78. 

Colonial Unions, 20; First one the Ne 
Engl-indConfedera ion, 14; First Amei 
can,3o; Stamp Act, 21; First Continen- 
tal, 21; Second Continental, 23. 

Confederation, New England, 14. 

Casco Bay, Maine, Massacre, 18. 

Caiholicsin Maryland, First Toleration,i4. 

Consolidation of Colonies, 16. 

Canada Expedition (1690), 18; (1711), 18. 

Canada, Invasion of, 22. 

Canada Captured by English, 19. 

Colonial Wars, First, Second and Third,i8. 

Charleston Repels Attack, i8. 

Charleston, Fall of, 31. 

Crown Point Captured by English, 18. 

Confederation, New England, 20. 

Congresses, American, 20. 

Congress, First American, 20. 

Congresses, Colonial, 21. 

Congress, The Stamp Act, 21 ; First Con- 
tinental, 21; Second Contintutal, 23; 
Continental Closed, 32 ; GivesThanks,33. 

Conflict, The. Fiist Year of Revolution, 
22 ; Second and Third Years of Revolu- 
tion, 25, 26; Fourth and Fifth Years of 
Revolution, 27, 28; Si.xth and Seventh 
Years of Revolution, 31, 32; Eighth 
Year of Revolution, 34. 

Capitol, National, Hamilton's Bargain, 39; 
at Washington, D. C, 40. 

Cotton Gin, Whitney's, 39. 

Constitution, Frigate, 40. 

Chesapeake Outrage, 41. 

Confederacy, North American, 20; South- 
ern, Organized, 55. 

Confederacy Recognized as Belligerents 
by England, France, Spain and Portu- 
g-'''. 57- 

Confederate Peace Commissioners not 
Recognized, 57. 

Confeder.:iie Government at Richmond,5g. 

Common Sense, Fame's, 22. 

Carolina, South, Fii st to Adopt Independ- 
ent State Constiti.tion, 22. 

Carolina, North, Listructs Congress to 
Vote Independence, 22. 

Commander-in-Chief Washington, 23. 

Committee, Secret, Ben. Franklin, Chair- 
man, 23. 

Colonies Advised to Establish Govern- 
ments, 23. 
Circumnavigation of the Globe; First by Confederation, Articles of. Committee on, 



Magellan, 12; Second by Drake, is 
Clarendon Grant, 13 



23; Reported, 26; Adopted, 27; Rati- 
fied, 30; Government of, 32. 



Charleston First Settlement of South Car-' Corn wallis at Brunswick, 25 



oliiia, 13. 
Charleston, Siege of, 22. 
Connecticut First Settled, 13. 
Colony, First in the New World. 13 ; First 

on the Continent, 13; Oldest in th 



Conway Cabal, 27. 
Claike Founds Lexington, Ky., 30. 
Carolinas Overrun, 31. 

Clinton Transfers Conflict to South, 31 J 
Before Charleston, 31. 



United Stales, 13; Oldest in the Wesi,'Co\vpens, S. C, Battle of, 31. 



13; Oldest on Atlantic Coast, 13; Oldest 

in Canida, 13. 
Champlain Founds Canada, 13. 
Calvert and Indians in Maryland, 14. 
Commercial Progress of Early Colonies,i4. 
Compact, First, on Mayfiower, 14. 
Constitution, First Wiiiien, of Jamestown. 



(99) 



Coriiwallis at Petersburg, Va., 31; Sur- 
renders at Yorktown, 32. 

Caldwell, Mrs., Murdered by Knyp- 
hausen, 33. 

Cherokee Country Ravaged by Pickens,34 

Cherokees and Creeks. Treaty with, by- 
Georgia, 34; Removed, 48. 



Compromist.-, Clay's Worst, 48; Missouri, ' Dutch Explorations, 12; Claims of Terri. 



45 ; Critteudeu, 55 



tory, 12; Settle New York, 13 



CinVlnnati, Order 01, formed by American iDe Soto Discovers Mississippi River, 12 



Officers, 34 

Constituiion,rext of, Federal, Formation, 
Adoption, etc., 37. 

Chrysler's Field, Canada, Battle of, 43. 

Chippewa, Battle of., 43. 

Canary Islands, Battle near, 44. 

CfiampUin, Lake, Battle on, 44. 

Colonization Society, 45. 

Crittenden Compromise:, 55 

Clay B.irgain, Supposed, 46. 

Clay's Worst Compromise, 48; Omnibus 
Bill, 53- 

Clay, Death of, 53. 

Culmination of Slave Power, 49. 

Convention, First Nationil Presidential. 
48,55: Peace, at Washington, 55; Radi- 
cal, Nominates Fremont, 70; National 
Union, Nominates Lincoln, 70; Derrto- 
cratic National, Pronounces War a Fail- 
ure and Nominates McClellan, 70. 

Calhoun's State's Rights Resolution, 48; 
Death of, 53. 

California, Fremont's Conquest of, 51, 52. 

Cerro Gordo, 52. 

Contreras, 52. 

Cherubusco, 52. 

Chapultepec, 52. 

Coercion, 56, 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71. 

Carrick's Ford, McClelLin at, 58. 

Carnifix Ferry, McClellan at, 58. 

Cheat Mountain, McClellan at, 58. 

Carthage, Battle of, 58. 

Corinth, Miss., Evacuated, 60. 

Corinth, Miss., 60. 

Cross Keys, 61. 

Cedar Mountain, 6i 

Chantilly, 61. 

Color no impediment to Evidence, 63. 

Confiscation 01 Rebel Property, 63. 

Champ'n Hills. 6t. 

ChattanoOi^a Evacuated, 64; Army Shut 
Up in, 64. 

Chickamauga, 64. 

ChanceHorsville, 65. 

Charleston Expedition, 65. 

Conscription Act, 65. 

Chattahoochee Abandoned, 67. 

Communication Established by Sherman 
with Sea, 68. 

Cold Harbor, 69. 

Chambersburg, Pa., Burned, 69. 

Cedar Creek, 69. 

Commission, American Union (Refugee), 7* 

Charleston Occupied, 71 



Drake, Second Circumnavigation of th« 
Globe by, 12. 

Dover, First Settlement of New Hamp- 
shire, 13. 

Delaware First Settled, 13. 

Darie:i, First Colony on the Continent, 13. 

De Monts Settles Acadia, 13. 

Detrjit Settled, 17. 

Dii Quesne (Pittsburg) Founded, 17. 

Dover, N. H., Massacre, 18. 

Du Quesne, Fort, Established, 19; Cap- 
tured, 19. 

Deliberations — Colonial Unions, 20. 

Declaration of Rights, 2t. 

Diuimore and Patrick Henry in Vir- 
ginia, 22. 

Declaration of War, 23. 

Declaration of Independence, Committee 
to Draft, 2 t ; Committee on. Report, 23; 
Adopted, 27; Engrossed and Signed, 26. 

D'Arville Expedition, 18. 

Deane, Minister to France, 26. 

Delaware Organized, 27. 

Danbury, Conn., Raided by Tyron, 27. 

D'Estaing Arrives from France, 28; Re- 
tires to Boston, 28; Leaves Boston for 
West Indies, 28. 

Darkest Period of Revolution, 30. 

Dollars, Thousand, of paper Equal to One 
of Specie, 32. 

Day, The Wonderful Dark, 33. 

Demoralization During Period of Organi- 
zation, 37. 

Departments of the Government Organ- 
ized, 39. 

Denmark, Treaty with, 35, 55. 

Demara, Battle off, 44. 

Democratic Party's Present Name 
Adopted, 46. 

Debt, Imprisonment for, Abolished, 46. 

Democrats, 47, 48, 49; Northern, Nomi- 
nate Douglas and Johnson, 55; Southern, 
Nominate Breckinridge and Lane, 55. 

Debate, The GreatWebsterand Hayne,48. 

Doniphan's Expedition rn South-rn New 
Mexico, 51, 52. 

Department of Interior Established, 51 ; 
of Agriculture Established, 63. 

District of Columbia Abolis-hes Slave 
Trade, 53, 63. 

Dred Scott Decision, 55. 

Douglas andJohnsor.Nominated by North- 
ern Democrats, 55. 

Dranesville, 58. 



Canby Occupies Mobile, 72; Taylor Sur- Dark Monday (Bull Run Disaster), 59 



renders to Canby, 72. 
Civil Rights Bill, 74. 
Chicago Fire, 75. 
Credit Mobilier, 75. 
Cooke, Jay, Failure of, 75. 
Centennial Exposition, 75. 
Commission, Electoral, 75. 
Constitution ol United States, Text of, 75. 

Dissolution of Parties in M onroe's Time, 4. 
Democratic Party took its Name, 4. 
Denys Discovers Gulf of St. Lawrence, 12 



Donaldson, Tenn., Taken, 60. 
Je Russey, Fort, 67. 
Deatonsville, 71. • 
Davis, Jeff., Ca^UireJ, 72. 

Erie, Ohio, Founded, 17. 

Erie, Fort, Canada, Battle of, 4; 

Erie, Lake, Battle on, 44. 

Eras, The Three Great, Explained, i» 

Outlines of, 7. 
E.Kplorations, First Period, Explained, i 
Era of Good Feeling, 4, 



(100) 



Emancipation. Eighth Perioil, 4, 56; Com- Fishing Creek, Battle of, 31. 

pensated, Enacted, 63; ot" Fugitive Slaves, [French Fleet at Chesapeake Bay. 

03; Proclamation, 66. " 

Esquimaux, 11. 
European Explorations, 12 



English Explorations, 12; Settlements, 13. : K 



French War, Quasi, 40. 
Fugiiive Slave Bill, The F!r-t, 39. 
Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850, 53. 



Elizabeth, First Settlemen< in N. J., 13. 
Espejo Settled Sante Fe, 13. 
Extension, Outline of, 14. 



First Steamboat, 41. 



Federalists, 38; Anti-Federalistf, 38. 
Federal Party, Dissolution of, 45. 
Frenchtown, Mich., Battle of, 43. 



Educational Extension of Early Colonies, | Financial Depression, 45; Revolution, 55 



Explorations, French, 17 



Free Soilers, 47, 53, 54, 55. 
Free Soil Party Organized, 51. 



Expedition, Nova Scotia, 18: Canada, 18 jFremont's Coi, quest of California, 51, 53; 



English Revolution of ' 

England. War of Spanish Succession 

Acadia Ceded to, 18; King George's! vention, 70; Crisis.of '73,' 75. 

War, i8; War with, Declared, 42; Paysi Filibustering Expeditions, Walker's, S4 

for Deported Slaves, 46; Recognizes "" 

SouthernConfederacy as Belligerents,57. 
Expedition, First, Against Louisburg, iq; 

Second, Against Louisburg, 19; Louis- 
burg, 18; D'Arville, 18; St. Augustine, 

18; Appalachian, 18; Port Royal, 18; 

Canada, 18. 
Expulsion of French, iq. 
English Capture Ticonderoga, i g ; Crown 

Point, 19; Fort Niacara, 19; Montreal 



19; Canada, 19; Kidnap Acadians, 19;' Fisher's Hill, 69. 



Nominated President of Republican 
Party, 5^; Nominated by Radical Con- 



France Recognizes Southern Confederacy 

a< Belligerents, 57. 
Fortress Monroe, Butler at, 58. 
Fair Oaks. 6;. 
Frazier's Farm, 61. 
Fredericksburg, 61. 

Farragut and Butler Take New Orleans,62 
Falling Waters, 65. 
Forrest's Raid, 67. 
Franklin, Tenn., 68. 



Orders in Council Repealed, 42 ; Second, 

War, 43; Parliament Abandon Right of 

Search, 55. 
Evacuation of Boston. 22; of New York 

City, 25; of Philadelphia by British, 28. 
English Commissioners Offer Terms of 

Peace, 29. 
Egg Harbor, N. J., 30. 
Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 31. 



Fort Fisher, N. C, 71. 
Five Forks, 71. 
Freedmen Bureau Bill, 74. 

Garrison, Wm. L., 4; Imprisoned in Balti- 
more, 48 ; Issues First Number of Liber- 
ator, 48. 

Genius of Universal Emancipation, 4. 

Geological Remains of Man in America, 11 



Election, First Federal, 37; First Presi-:Gosnold DiscoversMassachusetts Coast, 12 

dential.by House of Representatives, 40 " 
Evidence, Color no Impediment to, 63. 
Embargo Act, 41. 

Electro Telegraph, Bill to Test, 50. 
Education, Department of. Organized, 74 
Ellsworth, Death of, 58. 
Early's Raid up the Shenandoah, 69 
Exposition, Centennial, 75. 
Elections, Table of Presidential. Apoen 

dix D. 



Grijalva E.xplores Mexico, 12. 

Georgia First Settled, 13. 

George's, King, War, 18. 

Great Meadows, Battle of, 19. 

Gerry, Chairman of Cunimittee of Treas- 
ury Department, 23. 

Government.s, Colonies Recommended to 
Establish, 23 

Germantown, Battle of, 25. 

Georgia Organized, 27. 

Gates Campaign, 31. 
Federalization. Sixth Period Explained, 3. [Guilford C. H., Battle of, 31. 



Florida Conglonieraie, Fissil Man, 11; 
Explored by Ponce de Leon, 12 ; Indians, 
11; Battle off Coast,44 ; Purchased, 45; 
Secedes, 55. 

Fort Ancient, 11. 

French Explorations, 12, 17; Aggression, 18. 

Franklin, Pa., Founded, 17. 

France. War of Spanish Succession, 18 ; 
King George's War, 18; Cedes all Ter- 
ritory, 19. 

French Expulsion, 19; French and Indian 
War, 19. 

Franklin, Ben, Post-Master General, 23; 
Chairman Secret Committee, 23 : Min- 
ister to France, 26; Secures Aid from 
France, 27 ; Period, Outlines of, 24,25,26. 

Fort Washington Surrendered, 25. 

Fort Lee Evacuated, 25. 

Fire, Great One in N-w York, 27. 

Fair Haven, Conn., Burned, 30. 



(101) 



Government of Confederation, 32. 

Genet, Citizen, Minister from France, 39. 

Ghent, Treaty with, 42. 

Georgia Defies the Government, 46. 

Garrison and Luiidy Join Hands, 46. 

Gag Resolution. Pinckney's, 48. 

Giddings, J. R., Censured, 50; Re- 
elected, 50. 

Gold Discovered in California, 51. 

Gadsen Purchase, 54. 

Georgia Secedes, 55. 

Gun, Firs:, Fired in Civil War, 58. 

Gaines' Mill, 61. 

Grierson's Raid from La Grange, Miss., 
to Baton Rouge, La., 64. 

Georgia and 'J ennessee Campaign, 64. 

Gettysburg, 6^. 

Grant Appointed Lieutenant-General, 67; 

{oins Butler Before Petersburg, ('9 ; and 
,ee at Appomattox C. H., 71; Sur- 



Jackson, President, Disregards States 

Kijjius, 4. 

Jamestown Settlement, 13. 

James II. W.ir, 18. 

Jay, John, President of Congress, 29. 

Jefferson Almost Captured by Tarl/ston. 
33; Sent to Europe, 35; Administtatioo 
41 ; Death, 46. 

Jay s Treaty with England, 39. 

Jackson, Andrew, in Florida, 45; Presi- 
dent, 46. 

Jackson, Battle of, 64. 

James River Crossed by Tickson, 6g. 

Johnston Surrenders t' Siie:man, 72. 

Johnson's Administration, 74; impeach- 
ment, 74. 

Kaluschi, 11. 

Kentucky a County of Virijinia, 27. 

Kettle Creek, Battle of, 28. 

King's Mountain, Battle of, 31. 

Kjnyphausen in New York, 31 ; Murderi 
Mrs. Caldwell, 33. 

Kentucky Resolutions of '98 and '9^ 40. 

Kearney's Conquesi of New Mexico, 51, 52 

Kane's Arciic E.vpeditioi', 53; Second, 54. 

Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 54. 

Kno.wille Campaign, 64; Burnside Be- 
sieged at Knoxvilie,64; Assaulton Knox- 
ville, 64 Siege of Knuxville Raised, 64. 

Kenesaw Mountain, 67; Abandoned, 67. 

Ku Klux Klan, 75. 

Lundy, Benj., 4; at Baltimore, 43. 

Lundy and Garrison Join Hands, 46; An- 
nounces the Plot to Purchase Texas, 46. 

London Company Settle Virginia, 13. 

Lewistown, Massacre of, 14. 

Louisiana Settled, 17. 

Le Boeuf (Waterford, Pa. Founded, 17. 

Le Boeuf, Fort, Washington's Journey 
to, 19. 

Louis XIV., 18. 

Louisburg, First Expedition Against, 19. 
Second, 19. 

Lexington, Battle of, 22. 

Lee, of Virginia, Resolution of Independ- 
ence by, 23; Resolution of June i?, 
Adopted, 23. 

Long Island, Battle of, Howe and Clinton- 
Putnam, 25. 

Lee, Fort, Evacuated, 25. 

Laurens, Henry, President of Congress^ 
26, 29. 

Lee, Minister to France, 26. 

Li Faye'te Embarks for America, 27 
Made Major General, 27. 

Louisville, Ky.. Founded, 30. 

Lexington, Ky., Founded, 30. 

Lincoln Campaign, 31. 

Laurens Arrives with Money, 32. 

Louisiana Territory Purchased, 41. 

Lewis & Clarke's Exploring Expedition,*^ 

La Colle, Can., Battle of, 43. 

Lundy's Lane, Battle of, 43. 

La Fayette. Visit cf, 45 
Indians, Races of, 11 ; Indians and Tcrri- Liberator, First Number Issued, 48. 
torial Extension, 14; Indians and Rosier! Lovejoy, .Murder of, 49. 

4; Removal and Civilizationi Lincoln and Hamlia, Republicans Noml. 



render of Lee to, 72 ; Administration 

of, 75 
Griswold, 68. 

Hudson Discovers Hudson River, 12. 

Holmes First Settles Connecticut, 13. 

Hayti, First Colony in Nev World, 13. 

Haverhill, Mass., Mas.sacre, i£. 

Hancock, John, Sloop Protected, 21. 

Henry, Patrick, and Dunmore in Vir- 
ginia, 22. 

Howe Evacuate* New Jersey, 25; Em- 
barks at New York for Philadelphia, 2 
at Elkton, 25; Occupies Philadelphia, 
25 ; in Winter Quarters, in Philadelphia, 
26; in New York, 28. 

Hudson River Campaign, 26. 

Hancock, John, President of Congress 
1777, ^^' 

Huntington, Samuel, President of Con- 
gress, 29. 

Hanging Rock, Battle of, 31. 

Hobkirk's Hill, Battle of, 31. 

Huntington, President of Congress, 32 

Hanson,John,Presidentof Congress, 32,35. 

Hayne, Col., Execution of, at Charleston, 
S. C, 33. 

Hostilities, Cessation of, 34. 

Hamilton's Report of Public Debt, 39; 
Murdered by Burr, 41. 

Hartford Convention, 42. 

Harrison, President, 50. 

Huamanhla, 52. 

Hatteras, Fort, N. C, Captured, 58. 

Homestead Law, 59. 

Henry, Fort, Tenn., Captvued, 60. 

Harper's Ferry Surrendered, 61. 

Hudson, Port, Surrender of, 64. 

Hooker Relieves Burnside, 65. 

Hood Relieves Johnston, 67 ; Passes North 
of Chattahoochee, 68. 

Habeas Corpus Act, 66; Writ of. Suspen- 
sion of, 66. 



Icelandic Tradition, 11. 

Iroquois Tradition, 11. 

Iroquois Indians, 11. 

Indians, Races of, 11. 

Iceland Discovered by Nor'vegians, i^. 

Intercolonial Wars, 18. 

Issues Money, Second Continental Con 

gress, 23. 
Independence, Resolution of, by Lee, of 

Vir-inia, 23. 
Independence, Declaration of, Committee 

to Draft, 23. 
Internal Improvement, First, 41. 
Imprisonment for Debt Abolished, 46. 
Internal Improvement and Protection 

Sanctioned by Both Houses, 46. 
Inauguration of Lincoln, 57. 
Island No. 10 Taken, 60. 
luka. Miss., 60. 
Income Tax Law, 66. 
Impeachment of President Johnson, 74 



William 

of Indians Begun, 46 



(102) 



nate, 55; Elected, 55 ; Inauguration of.p. 



Lincoln No-ninated at Baltimore, 70; Re- Missouri Compromise, 45 

elected, 7c; As^ss na:ed by Booth, 72. Munrod Doctrine, 45 
Loui6iana Secedes, 55. Masonic, Anti, Party, 4' 

Lexington, Battle of, 5S. Mexican War, 51, 52. 

Lee Retreats, 61 ; Second Xorthern Inva- Mexico, Taylor's Campaign of, 3: 



Mexico, Scott in Central, 51, 52. 
Matamoras, Between, and Point 



sion, 65; Surrenders to Grant, 72 
Legal Tender Act, 63. 
Lookout Mountain Taken, 64. 
Lynchbure, First Expedition a Failure,69; Monterey, 5a 

Second Expedition, 65. Molino del Rey, 52. 

Lieutenant-General, Grade of. Revived, 70. McDowell in Eastern Virginia, 58, 
Louisian.\ Adopts New Consutution Abol- McClellan in WestJVirginia, 58. 

ishing Slavery, 70. 



5» 

IsabeL 



Monroe's Administratioi. 4 



Ma-on and Slidell Seized, 
Memphis and Nashville "Taken, 60 
Mill SprinRS, Ky., 60. 



Miner,of Pennsylvania, Introduces R«for- Mempnis Surrenders, 60 



mation, 4, 46. 
Mound Builders, 11. 



Mexico Explored by Grjalva, 12; Con- Malvern, 6 



Murfreesboro, Tenn., 60. 
Mechanicsville, 61. 



Monitor and Merrimic, 6t. 



quesed by Cortez, 12. 
Mississippi River Discovered by De Soto, Morgan": Raid into Ohio, 64. 

12; Explored b', Marquette and Joliet, Mission Ridge, 64. 

17; Explored to Mouth by L.i Salle, 17. Maninsburg, 65. 
Magellan FirstCircumnavigaies theGlobe, Meade Relieves Hooker, 65. 

12. Milledgeville Entered, 68. 

Maryland Settled, 13; Organized, 27 ; Rat- -Message, First, to the Sea, 68. 

ities Articles of Confederation, 35. McAllister, Fort, Captured, 63. 

Massachusetts First Settled, 13; Rejects Mine, Explosion of, 60. 

New Constitution, 27; Pronounced Re- -Mobile Occupied by Canby, 72. 

bellious, 21 ; Battle off. 44 "' '" " 

Massasoit, Treaty wirh, 14. 
May and the Indians, 14. 
Money of Early Colonists, 14; Secondl Outlines of. 9. 

Continental Congress Issues, 23; Issued National Republican Party, Origin of, 4, 



Ma.\inullian, Death of, 74. 
Nationalization. Second Era Explained, 2; 



in 17-6 to 1777, 2- ; 1778, 29; Coii:inent3l 
32; Paper, Useless, and out of Circula- 
tion, 33. 

Manufactories of Early Colonists, 14. 

Mayflower, First Compact on, 14. 

Mobile Founded, 17. 

M'intcalm Captures Oswego, 19: Fort' 



, 45, 46 ; Party, Nucleus of,45 ; Formed, 

46 ; Merges into Whig. 4:. 
New Orleans Delta, Fossil Man, ii. 
Norwegian Discoveries, ii. 
North Carolin I First Settled. 13; Adopu 

Constitution, 27 ; Battle off, 44 ; Scceaes, 

57- 



W Uiam Henry, 19; Surrenders Quebec New Hampshire First Settled, 13. 



to WoHe, 15. 
Mon real Captured by English, 19. 
Mutiny Ac;. 21. 
Montreal Surrenders, 22 
Marine Commiitee. 



New York First Settl'^d, 13 ; Army at, 22 ; 
I Campaign, 25; Evacuated, 25; Organ- 
I ized, 27. 

New Amsterdam, First Settlement of,N. v., 
'3- 



Massacr-, Lewistown, 14; Dover, N. H., New Jersey First Settled, 13; Battle o9, 

SchenecL-idy, N. Y., Salmon Falls, Me., 44. 

Casco B.iy, Me., Oys er River, N. H., Nichol First Settles N. J., 13. 

Haverhill, Mass , iS ; Boston, 21; Wy- Navigation Act, 16 

oming. 29; Cherry Valley, 30. .. »- 

Mercer .-ind M;ffin, Forts, Battle of, 26 
.Miffin, Fjrr, Battle of, 26. 
Meigs Raids Sag Harbor, L I., 27. 
Monmouth, Battle of, 28. 
Monk's Corner, BatiL- f'f, 31. 
M uliny u( Pennsylvania Troops, 32. 
McKean, Proident ot Con^jress, 32 



N.itchez Founded. 17. 

New ')rleans Founded, 17; Battle of, 43; 

Taken by Farragut and Butler, 62. 
Nova Scotia Expedition, lE. 
Necessity, Fort, Surrender of, 19. 
Niagara, Fort, Shirley's Expedition 

Against, 15; Captured by English, 19. 
New Engla-id Confederation, 20. 



Morris, Robert, Forms Bank, 32; Super- New York Riot, 21. 
intendent of Finance, 32 ; Bank Author- Nation Named Thirteen United Colotiies, 
ized, 32; Robert, Maintains the Amy, 32. 23. 



Maiimee, Battle with indiaas on, 39 
Message, First Written Presidential, 40. 
Miffin, Thomas, President of Congress,3S 
Meigs, Fort. Battle of, 43 
McHenry, Fort, Bar.le of, 43. 
Massachusetts Bay, Battle of, 44. 
Miine. Coast ot, Kattle off, 44. 
Macleira Islands, Battle off, 44. 



N.Ttional Flae Adopted, 27. 

Newport, R. I., Occupied by British, 17. 

New Bedford, Conn., Burned, 30. 

Nashville. Tenn , Founded, 30; .ind Mem- 
I phis T.iken, 60; Occupied, 60; Cam- 
I pai'-n, 69. 
(Neutrali'v. ProcLimnti'^n of, 39 

Nullification: Keu;uci>.y Reso'.utions of 

(103) 



'gS, '99, 4oi Virginia Resolutions of '9S, Philadelphia Campaig 



40, 48. 
N.ivy Department Organized, 40. 
Non-Intercourse Act, 41. 
National Bank Incorporated, 42. 
North Point, Md., Battle of, 43. 
Newfoundland, Battle off, 44. 
National Liberty Party Formed, 49. 
New Mexico, Kearney'^ Conquest of, 51,52 
New Mexico, Doniphan's Expedition in 

Southern, 51, 52. 
Naval Academy Established by Bancroft, 

SI 
Nashville Secession Convention, 53. 
Know-Nothing or American Party, 54. 
Norfolk, Va., Surrendered, 61. 
Newburn, N. C, Taken, 62. 
New Hope Church, 67. 
Naval Expedition Against Mobile, 67; 

Against Fort Fisher, Wilmington, S. C, 

a Failure, 69 

Organization. The First Era Explained, 

r ; Outlines of, 8. 
Organization. Fifth Period Explained, 2 ; 

Outlines of, 37. 
Oglethorpe First Settles Georgia, 13. 
Opechancanoueh's War, 14 
Oyster River, N. H., Massacre, 18. 
Oswego Captured by Montcalm, 19. 
Ordinance of '87, 37. 
Osceola Captured, 49. 
Omaibus Bill, Clay's, 53. 
Oath, Iron-Clad, 59. 

Parties, Dissolution of.in Monroe's Time,4. 
Ponce de Leon Explores Florida, 12. 
Pacific Ocean Discovered by Balboa, 12. 
Pacific Coast Explored by Cabrillo, 12; 

by Drake, 12. 
Plymouth, First Settlement of Massachu 

setts, 13. 
Pilgrims First Settle Massachu.setts, 13. 
Providence, First Settlement in Rhode 

Island, 13. 
Pennsylvania First Settled, 13; Organ 

ized, 27. 
Penn First Settled Pennsylvania, 13. 
Philadelphia, First Settlement in Penn- 
sylvania, 13. 
Pequod War, 14. 
Pocahontas Kidnapped, 14. 
Produce of Eaily Colonists, 14. 
Political Extension o( Early Colonies, 14. 
Pilgrims at Plymouth, 14. 
Puritans at Boston, 14. 
Provinciation of Colonies, Outline of, 15 
Preparation for Consolidation, 16. 
Provocation to Consolidation, 16. 
Perpetuation of Consolidation, 16. 
Pittsburg (Fort Du (Juesne) Founded, 17. 
Port Royal Expedition, 18. 
Pontiac War, 19. 
Paris, First Treaty of, 19. 
Parliament Pronounces Massachusetts 

Rebellious, 21. 
Paine's Common Sense, 22. 
Post-Office De' artmeiit, Ben Franklin, 

Post-Master General, 23. 
Petition, Second and Last, to the King, 23 



Philadelphia Saved, 25; Lost, 25; Evac- 

I uated by British, 28. 

Princ ton, Battle of, 25. 

Prescott Captured, 27. 

Prisoners, British, Sent to Charlottsville, 
Va., 28. 

Paul Jones, Naval Conflict, 28. 

Penobscot Expedition ;i Failure, 30. 

Patriotism at its Lowest Ebb, 30. 

Prussia, Treaty with, 35. 

Plattsburg, Battle of, 43. 

Protection and Internal Improvements 
Sanctioned by both Houses, 46. 

Plot to Purchase Texas, 46. 

Pickens Ravages Cherokee Country, 34. 

Pinckney's Gag Resolution, 48. 

Panic of '37, 49. 

Point Isabel, near, 52. 

Point Isabel, between, and Matamora, 52. 

Palo Alto, 52. 

Paraguay, Tre ty with, 55. 

Peace Convention at Washington, 55. 

Portugal Recognizes Southern Confeder- 
acy as Belligerents, 57. 

Philippi, McClellan at, 58. 

Port Royal, S. C, Taken. 58. 

Party, The Union War, 59. 

Prestonburg. Ky., 60. 

Pittsburg Landing, Shiloh, Tenn., 60. 

Perryville, Ky., 60. 

Port Republic, 61. 

Pulaski, Fort, 62. 

Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Estab- 
lished, 63. 

Polygamy, Anti, Act, 63. 

Property, Rebel, Confiscated, 63. 

Port Gibson, 64. 

Palmer's Demonstration Against Dallas, 
Ga., 67. 

Pleasant Hill, 67. 

Paducah, Ky., Forrest's Raid, 67. 

Pillow, Fort, Massacre, 67. 

Proclamation, Emancipaii m, 66. 

Proclamation, Amnesty, 66. 

Postal Money Order System Established, 

70. 
Peace Negotiations, Niagara Falls, 70. 
Peace Negotiations by Jacques and Gil- 
more, 70. 
Petersburg, Attack on, 71. 
Petersburg and Richmoi.d, Occupation 

of, 71. 
Pacific Railroad, 75. 
Presidents, Table of, 76. 

Quebec, Oldest Settlement in Canada, 13; 
Siege of, 22. 

Queen Anne's War — Second Intercolo- 
nial, 18. 

Queenstown, Can., Battle of, 43. 

Quaker Road, 71. 

Reformation. The Third Era Explained, 

Outlines of, 10. 
Reorganization. Ninth Period Explained,4 
Rhode Island First Settled at Provi- 
dence, 13. 
Rhode Island, Battle of, 28. 
Religious Extension of Early Colonies, 14, 



(104) 



Rayncbault Explores Lake Superior, 17. 

Rosalee (Detroit) Founded, 17. 

Ryswick, i reaty of, 18. 

RevDlution, English of 'SS, 18. 

Revenue Act on Teas, etc., 21. 

Riot, New York, 31. 

Money in Philadelphia, 30. 

Revenue Act of '65 Repealed, 21. 

Randolph, Peyton, PresiJent Second Con- 
tinental Congress, 23. 

Revolutionists Pronounced Rebels, 23. 

Retreat, Memorable, Across the Sound to 
New York, 25. 

Ketreat through New Jersey to Newtown, 
Pa., 25 

Ratification of Articles of Confederation, 
30. 

Rocky Mount, Battle of, 31. 

Revenue, Calls upon the States for, 35. 

Repudiation, 37. 

Russia Treaty, 35. 

Republicans, National, 38, 45, 46 

Reformation in the Hou-^e S;arted by 
Miner, of Pennsylvania, 46. 

Rotation in Office Inaugurated, 48. 

Right of Search Abandoned by English 
Parliament. 55. 

Resaca de la Palma, 52. 

Republican Party, Organization of, 54. 

Republicans Nominate Lincoln and Ham- 
lin, 55. 

Rich Mountain, McClellanat, 58. 

Richmond, Advance, 6x. 

Roanoke Island, 62. 

Raymond, 64. 

Rio Grande Expedition, 65, 

Riot in Baltimore, 59, 

Riot Draft, 66. 

Red River Expedition, Banks', 67. 

Resaca, Ga., 67. 

Rome, Ga., 67. 

Reconstruction Bill Passed, 70. 

Rowanta Creek, Va., 71. 

Richmond and Petersburg, Occupation 
of, 71, 

Reconstruction, Outline of, 73, 

Reorganization, Outline of, 73. 

Reconstruction Act, 74. 

Reconstruction Complete, 75. 

Separation. Fourth Period Explained, 2 ; 

Outlines of, 24. 
Separation Enforced, 24; Recognized, 34, 35 
Slave Power, 3. 

St. Lawrence Discovered by Denys, 12. 
St. Lawrence River Discovered by Car 

tier, 12. 
Spanish Explorations, 12; Settlements, 13. 
Settlements, Outline of 13. 
St. Marys, First Settlement in Maryland, 

18. 
South Carolina First Settled, 13. 
Savannah, First Setilement in Georgia,i3. 
Swedes First Settle Delaware, 13. 
Swedes and Indians, 14. 
St. Augustine, Oldest Colony in United 

States, 13. 
Santa Fe. Oldest Colony in the West, 13. 
Smith and Indians in Virginia, 14. 
Susquehannas, War of the, 14. 



Social Extension cf Early Colonies, 14. 

Stamp Act, 16. 

Superior, Lake, Explored, 17. 

Schenectady, N. V., JIassacre, 18. 

Salmon Falls, Me., Massacre, iB. 

Spanish Succession, War of, 18. 

St. Augustine Expedition, 18. 

Shirley's Expedition Again.st Fort Niag- 
ara, 18. 

Spain cedes Florida t ' England, 19. 

Stamp Act Congress, 21. 

Stamp Act, Repeal o-, 21. 

Separation Declared, 22. 

Siege of Quebec, 22; Charleston, 22. 

Saratoga, Battle of, 26. 

Surrender of Burgoyne, 26. 

Sag Harbor, L. I., Raid on, 27. 

Savannah, Battle of, 28; Held, 28, 

Sunbury, Ga., Battle of, 28. 

Stone Ferry, S. C, Battle of, 28. 

South Carolina, First Constitution, 30; 
Rebels, 48; Secedes, 55. 

Stony Point, N. Y., Captured by British, 
30; Battle of, 30. 

Sanders' Creek, Bafle of, 31. 

Springfield, N. J., Battle of, 31. 

Soldiers, Pennsylvania, Threaten Con- 
gress, 34. 

Savannah Evacuated by British, 34. 

Shay's Rebellion, 37. 

Slave Trade, Foreign, Abolished, 41. 

Steamboat, the First, 41. 

Sweden Tre.ity, 35. 

Spain, Treaty with, 35. 

Steamer, FirstOcean, Crossed Atlantic, 42. 

Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 43. 

Stephenson, Fort, Battle of, 43. 

San Salvador, Battle of, 44. 

Society Colonization, 45. 

Stars and Stripes on United States Flag 
Legal zrd, 45. 

Slavery, First Claims that Congress Should 
Support, 45. 

Slaves, Deported, Paid for by England, 46. 

Slavery, War for Support of (Second, 
Seminole), 48. 

Slavery, First Secession on Account of, 49. 

Slave Power, Culminatirn of, 49. 

Slaveholders' i^ast Threat of Violence, 50 

Slavery Prohibited in Territories, 51. 

Slave Trade Abolished in District of 
Columbia, 53, 63. 

Slaves. Fugitive, Army Forbidden to Sur- 
render, 59, 63. 

Slaves, Fugitive, Emancipated, 63. 

Slave, Fugitive, Act Repealed, 70. 

Slave Trade, Coastwise, Prohibited, 70. 

Seminole War, Andrew Jackson in Flor- 
ida, 45. 

Second Seminole War, 48. 

State Rights Resolution, Calhoun's, 48. 

Surplus Revenues Distributed, 48/ 

Secession, First, 49. 

Secession Convention, Nashville, 53 

Secession Begun, 55. 

Secede, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, 
Georeia, Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, 55. 

Secession, 56, 57 ; Completed, 57. 

Sourhern Confederacy Organized, 55. 

Sub-Treasury Bill Passed, 49; Repealed, 50 



(105) 



Scott in Central Mexico, 51, $2. 

Smithsonian Institution Established, 51. 

Squatter Sovereignty, 53, 54. 

Sumner, Chas., Elected to United States 
Senate, S3. 

Sumner Assaulted by Brooks, 54. 

Spain Recognizes Southern Confederacy 
as Belligerents, 57. 

Sumter, Fort, Fall of, 58. 

Slidell and Mason Seized, 5S. 

Shiloh, Tenn. (Pittsburg Landing), 60. 

Shenandoah Valley, Jackson's Division 
in, 61; Early's Raid up the, 69. 

Seven iJays' Battle, 6i. 

Savages' Station, 61. 

South Mountain, Md., 61. 

Sabine Pass, Tex., 65. 

Sherman's Campaign from Vicksburg, 
Miss., to Meridian, Ala., 67. 

Sherman'-; March to the Sea, 68. 

Sherman Invests Savar.nah, 68. 

Sherman Received on Gunboat, 68 ; tn- 
ters Savannah, 68 ; Crosses the Savan- 
nah River,7i; Occupies Columbia, S.C., 
71; Occupies Wilmington, N. C , 71 ; 
at Goldsborough, N. C, 71. 

Sherman Joined by Terry and Schofield, 
71; Occupies Raleigh, N. C, 72. 

Sherman, Johnson Surrenders to, 72. 

Sabine Cross Roads, 67. 

Spottsylvania C. H., 69. 

Sanitary Fair, Philadelphia, 70. 

Sheridan Captures Early's Army, 71. 

Steadman, Fort, 71. 

Smith, Kirby.Surrenders Texas forces, 72. 

San Domingo Question, 75. 

States, Table of Settlement and Admis- 
sion, 77. 

Tariff a National Question, 4; The First, 
Act, 3q; of i8i6,' Renewal of, 45; of 1824, 
45; of 1828, 48 ; of 1S32, 48; of 1833, 48; 
of 1842, 50. 

Tariff Bill, Morrill, Final Triumph of Pro- 
tection, 55. 

Tariffs, SQ. 

Table Mt. Gal. Locality of Pliocene 
Fossil Man, 11. 

Territorial Extension of Colonies, 14. 

Toleration, Religious, The First by Cath- 
olics, 14. 

Tuscar-iras War, 18. 

Territorial Dispute, 19 ; Boundaries, ig. 

Ticonderoga, Abercrombie's Expedition 
Against, 19; Captured by English, 19; 
Capture o(^ 22. 

Troops Ordered to Boston, 21. 

Tompson, Chas., Secretary Second Con- 
tinental Congress, 23. 

Thirteen United Colonies, Nation Named, 
23. 

Treasury Department, Gerry, Chairman 
of Committee, 23. 

Trenton, Battle of, 25. 

Tyron Kaids on Danbury, Conn., 27 ; 
Plunders Connecticut, 30. 

Treaty of Utrecht, 18; Aix la Chapelle, 
18; Ryswick, 18 ; Fir,t of Paris, 19; With 
France, 29; With Cherokeesand Creeks 



England (Second Treaty of Paris), 35; 
Sweden, Denmark, Spain, Russia,Pru$- 
sia, 35; Jay's with England, 39; With 
France, 1800,40; IMonroe-Pinkney sup- 
pressed by Jefferson, 41 ; of Ghent, 42; 
With England, 50; Mexico, 51 ; Eng- 
land, 51; Paraguay, 55; England for 
Suppression of Slave Trade, 63. 

lenor. The New, 32. 

Troops Furnished by Colonies, 36. 

I'arlcton almost captures Jefferson, 33. 

I'ripolitan War. 4r. 

1 ippecanoe, Battle of, 42. 

1 hanksgiving, 33. 

Thames, Can., Battle of, 43. 

Texas, First Attempt to Annex, 49 ; An- 
nexation of, a Party Issue, 50; Aiintxa- 
tion cf, so ; Secedes, 55 ; Forces Surren- 
dered by Kirby Smith, 72. 

'Tyler Vetoes His Own Bill, 50. 

Telegram, First, from Baltimore to Wash- 
ington, 50. 

Taylor's Campaign in Northern Mexico, 
51, 53; Death of President, 53. 

Tennessee Secedes, 57. 

Trent Affair; Seizure of Mason and Sli- 
dell, 58. 

Tennessee and Georgia Campaign, 64. 

Tenure-of-Office Act, 74. 

Tax, Income, Law, 66. 

Taylor's Bridge, Va., 69. 

'Taylor Surrenders to Canby, 7». 

Telegraph, Ocean, 74. 

<^ 
Utrecht. Treaty of, 18. 
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" Published, 53. 

Vespuciu'^, Americus.fromWhom America 
Was Named, 12. 

Verrazz.un Discovers Coast fromWilming- 
ton to Nova Scotia, 12. 

Vincennes, Ind., Founded, 17. 

V»nango( Franklin), Pa., Founded, 17. 

Virginia, Settlement of, 13; Forms County 
of Kentucky, 27 ; Forms County of Illi- 
nois, 30; Plundered by Matthews, 30; 
Ravace 1 by Arnold, 33; Resolutions of 
Nullification, 40; Secede-;, 57. 

Vermont Nei^otiates with British, 33. 

Valparaiso Harbor, Battle in, 44. 

Van Buren, President, 49. 

Vera Cruz, 52. 

Volunteers, Call for, Authorized, 59; Call 
for 75.000 for Three Months, 59; Presi- 
dent Calls for 82,748, 59; 500,000, 59; 
100,000, 66 ; 300 000, 66 

Vickiburg, First Attack on, 60; Reduc- 
tion of, 64 ; Invested, 64 ; Assault on, a 
Failure, 64 ; Siege of, 64 ; Surrender of, 

64. 
Vallancigham Arrested, 66. 

Whig Party Preceded by National Re- 
publican, 4; Nucleus of New Party, 45. 

Whigs, 47, 50, 51, 52; Party Formed, 48; 
Declare Tyler not a Whig, 49; Warn 
People of a Scheme to Annex Texas, 50; 
Defeated by Abolitionists, 50. 

Welsh Discoveries, 11. 



by Georgia, 34; France, 35; Holland, 3-; Windsor, First Settlement in Conn.. 15. 

(106) 



Williams, Roger, First settled R. I., 13. 

Williams, Roger, and Indians, 14. 

Wilmington, First Settlement of Del., 13. 

Writs of Assistance, 16. 

Waterford, Pa., Founded, 17. 

William's, King, War, 18. 

Washington'sjourney to Fort Le Boeuf,i9 

William Henry, Fort, Captured by Mont- 
calm, 10. 

Wolfe Captures Quebec, 19. 

Williamsburg Declaration, 22. 

Washington chosen Commander-in-Chief, 
23; Crosses the Delaware, 25 ; at Valley 
Forge, 25; Moves to Middlebrook, 25 ; 
Passes through Philadelphia, 25; Winter 
Quarters at Valley Forge, 26 ; Author- 
ized to Organize an Army, 27; at White 
Plains, 28; in Winter Quarters at Valley 
Forge, 28; in Winter Quarters at Mor- 
ristown, N. J., 28; Refuses a Crown, 34; 
Dissuades HisOfficers fromThreatening 
Congress, 34; Farewell to His Officers, 
34; Resigns, 34; Farewell Letters to 
the States, 36; Administration, 39; Fare- 
well Address, 39; Death of, 40. 

War, Pequod, 14; Opechancanough's, 14 ; 
Susquehannas, 14 ; New York Indian, 
14; Intercolonial, 18; King William's, 18; X. Y. Z. Mission, 40. 
Queen Anne's, 18; Spanish Succession, 
18; Tuscaroras, 18 ; Vamasses, i8 ; King 
George's, 18; French and Indian, 19; 
Pontiac, 19; Quasi French, 40; Tripoli- 
tan, 41 ; Declaration of, with England, 
42 ; With England Closed by Treaty of 
Ghent, 42; Algerine, 42 ; Second Eng 



lish, 43 ; Seminole, First, 43 ; Seminole, 
Second, 48; Mexican, 51, 52; With 
Brigham Young, 55; Civil, 56; First 
Year, 58, 59; Second Year, 60, 6i, 62, 63; 
Third Year, 65, 66; Union, Party, 59; 
Seminoles, 45. 

White Plains, Battle of, 25. 

Washington, Fort, Surrendered, 25. 

West Indies, British Troops Sent to, 28. 

Wyoming, Massacre of, 30. 

Waxhaw, Battle of, 31. 

Whitney's Cotton Gin, 39. 

Whisky Insurrection, 39. 

Washington, D. C, Chosen as Seat of 
Capital, 39; Capital Removed to, 40; 
in Danger, 61 ; Enemy Before, 69. 

West Point Academy, 42. 

Webster and Hayne, 48. 

Webster, Death of, 52. 

Walker's Filibustering Expedition, 54. 

Williamsburg, 60. 

V/inchester, 65, 69. 

Wilderness, 69. 

Weldon Railroad, Attack on, a Failure, 69; 
Second, a Success, 69. 

Wilson's Raid, 69. 



(107) 



Yucatan Explored by Cordova, 12. 

Yamasses War, 18. 

York (Toronto), Can., 43. 

Young, Brigham, United States at War 

with, 55. 
Yorktown, Va., Taken, 61. 



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